Juan Manuel de Rosas

Japanese: ロサス - ろさす(英語表記)Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juan Manuel de Rosas

Argentine politician and dictator. A large rancher, he led a private army of gauchos (herders), and was a typical example of a powerful man known as a caudillo (commander). When the country fell into civil war in the 1820s due to conflict between the federalists and the centralists, he rose to the head of the former, and from 1829 to 1832, as governor of Buenos Aires Province, he achieved national domination by the federalists. In 1835, he was reappointed governor with full authority over the judiciary, legislature, and administration, and since he severely oppressed opponents, he was feared to have ruled with terror, but some historians highly praise his nationalistic side, as he used force to thwart the repeated attempts by France and Britain to intervene militarily in the 1830s and 1840s. After his defeat at the Battle of Caseros in 1852, he went into exile in Britain, where he died.

[Hiroshi Matsushita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アルゼンチンの政治家。独裁者。大牧場主で、ガウチョ(牧童)からなる私兵団を擁し、カウディーリョ(統領)とよばれる実力者の典型であった。1820年代に連邦派と中央集権派の対立から国内が内戦状態に陥ると、前者の総帥にのし上がり、29~32年にはブエノス・アイレス州知事として連邦派による全国制覇を成し遂げた。35年には司法、立法、行政にわたる全権を委託されて州知事に再任され反対派を厳しく弾圧したため、恐怖政治と恐れられたが、30~40年代にたびたび試みられたフランスとイギリスの軍事干渉を実力で阻止したことから、その民族主義的側面が一部の史家により高く評価されている。52年にカセーロスの戦いで敗れたのちイギリスに亡命し、かの地で没した。

[松下 洋]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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