Lianyungang - Lianyungang

Japanese: 連雲港 - れんうんこう
Lianyungang - Lianyungang

A prefecture-level city on the Yellow Sea in the northeastern tip of Jiangsu Province, China. It governs three city districts, Lianyun, Ganyu, and Haizhou, and three counties, Donghai, Guanyun, and Guannan (as of 2016). Population: 5,109,900 (2012). In 1949, Xinhai-lian was established by merging Sinpo, Haizhou, Lianyungang, and others, and changed its name to its current one in 1961. Formerly the land was Haizhou and Yuzhou, but the current land is underwater, and Yuntai Mountain was an isolated island in the Yellow Sea. In 1194, the Yellow River took over the Huai River's course and began flowing south, after which the area began to accumulate mud and sand, and by around 1710 the area had almost completely turned into land, with Mount Yuntai connected to the mainland.

The salt industry in the Huaibei region, which began in the Northern Song dynasty, surpassed that of the Huainan region during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the river port of Haizhou prospered as a salt distribution and shipping port. At the end of the Qing dynasty, the port was filled up with sediment from the Shu River, so it was moved east to Xinpu and Oura, and then in 1935, a new port was built at Laoyao by the Dutch. The east-west islands outside the port acted as a partition, and its importance as a natural harbor increased. It is the starting point of the Longhai Line, the main artery of east-west transportation in China, and is also the starting point of inland waterway transportation in northern Jiangsu, where the Yanyan River crosses the Guanhe River, Zhongshan River, and other rivers before reaching Huaiyin.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, industries such as machinery, electronics, spinning, food, and chemicals developed. In 1984, under the reform and opening-up policy, the city was selected as one of 14 coastal cities that opened up to the outside world. In 2006, the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant, one of the largest generating plants in China, began operation. Haizhou Bay is a rich fishing ground, and shrimp farming is thriving. The Huaibei Salt Fields are one of China's four major salt fields, and Yuntai Mountain, which lies within the city, is the famous birthplace of Yunfun Tea. Jinping Mountain within the city also has abundant reserves of phosphorus ore, which is used as a raw material for chemical fertilizers. The city is also rich in stone materials such as serpentine, marble, and quartz. Kongwang Mountain in Haizhou District has cliff carvings from the Eastern Han Dynasty.

[Kazuo Hayashi, Editorial Department, February 16, 2017]

[Reference items] | Jiangsu (province) | Kongwangshan Cliffs | Longhai Line

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、江蘇(こうそ)省北東端、黄海に臨む地級市。連雲、贛楡(かんゆ)、海州(かいしゅう)の3市轄区と、東海(とうかい)、灌雲(かんうん)、灌南(かんなん)の3県を管轄する(2016年時点)。人口510万9900(2012)。1949年、新浦(しんほ)、海州、連雲港などを合併して新海連(しんかいれん)市が設けられ、1961年に現名に改められた。古くは海州と郁洲(いくしゅう)の地であったが、現在の陸地は海中にあり、雲台山(うんたいさん)は黄海上の孤島であった。1194年に黄河(こうが)が淮河(わいが)の流路を奪って南流してから泥砂の堆積が進み、1710年ごろにはほぼ陸地化して雲台山が陸続きになった。

 北宋(ほくそう)時代よりおこった淮北地方の製塩業は、明(みん)・清(しん)時代には淮南地方を上回り、河港の海州は塩の集散、積出し港として繁栄した。清末には沭河(じゅつが)の土砂で港が埋まったため、港は東の新浦および大浦に移され、さらに1935年オランダにより牢窰(ろうよう)に新たに築港された。港外にある東西連島が衝立(ついたて)の役割を果たし、天然の良港として重要性が高まった。中国の東西交通の大動脈である隴海(ろうかい)線の起点であり、また運塩河により灌河(かんが)、中山河などと交差して淮陰(わいいん)に至るなど江蘇北部の内陸水運の起点でもある。

 中華人民共和国成立後、機械、電子、紡績、食品、化学などの工業が発展した。1984年、改革開放政策の下、沿海対外開放14都市の一つに選ばれた。2006年には、中国最大級の発電規模をもつ田湾原子力発電所が稼働している。海州湾は豊富な漁場であり、エビの養殖が盛ん。淮北塩田は中国の四大塩田の一つであり、市中に横たわる雲台山は著名な雲雰茶(うんふんちゃ)の産地である。また市内の錦屏山(きんぺいさん)には燐(りん)鉱石の埋蔵が豊富で、化学肥料の原料として利用される。蛇紋岩、大理石、水晶などの石材も豊かである。海州区の孔望山(こうぼうさん)には後漢(ごかん)時代の磨崖彫像がある。

[林 和生・編集部 2017年2月16日]

[参照項目] | 江蘇(省) | 孔望山摩崖 | 隴海線

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