It is an antihypertensive and sedative, a type of alkaloid extracted from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth., a small shrub of the Apocynaceae family that grows wild widely in India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and the Philippines. It appears as white or pale yellow crystals or crystalline powder and is odorless. In addition to its antihypertensive effect, it also has sedative and tranquilizing effects, and is used to treat various types of hypertension and schizophrenia in which it is difficult to use phenothiazine drugs. It is available in powder form (mainly 0.1%), tablets (0.1 mg and 0.25 mg), and injections (various doses of 0.3 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2.5 mg per milliliter). For blood pressure reduction, 0.2 to 0.5 mg is taken orally in 1 to 3 divided doses per day, and for sedative purposes, 0.2 to 2 mg is taken orally up to a maximum of 10 mg per day. It is a highly potent drug, with the maximum dose being 10 mg per day (oral), 5 mg per dose, or 10 mg per day (subcutaneous or intramuscular injection). [Fumiji Koho] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
降圧・鎮静剤で、インド、パキスタン、ミャンマー、スリランカ、マレーシア、フィリピンに広く自生するキョウチクトウ科の小低木インドジャボクRauwolfia serpentina Benth.の根より抽出されたアルカロイドの一種。白色ないし淡黄色の結晶または結晶性粉末で、においはない。降圧作用のほか、鎮静・静穏作用があり、各種の高血圧症およびフェノチアジン系薬物の使用困難な統合失調症の治療に用いられる。 製剤には、散剤(主として0.1%)、錠剤(0.1ミリグラム、0.25ミリグラム)、注射剤(1ミリリットル中0.3ミリグラム、0.5ミリグラム、1ミリグラム、2.5ミリグラムの各種)がある。降圧の目的には1日0.2~0.5ミリグラムを1~3回に分けて経口投与し、鎮静の目的では1日0.2~2ミリグラムより始めて最高1日10ミリグラムまで経口投与する。劇薬で、極量は1日10ミリグラム(経口)、1回5ミリグラム、1日10ミリグラム(皮下・筋肉内注射)である。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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