A city in central England. A unitary authority. It was separated from Leicestershire County in 1997 to become a unitary authority. It is located about 150 km north-northwest of London, on the River Soar, a tributary of the River Trent. In the Roman period, the town was founded along the main road, the Foss Road, and was called Ratae. During the Mercia Kingdom, it was a bishop's seat, and after it was occupied by the Danes, it became one of the main cities in the Danelaw region. The Domesday Book (1086), a land survey by William I, records that it had 322 houses and 65 freemen. It became a chartered city in 1589, and was later known as a base for non-conformists. By the end of the 18th century, it had become a center of the hosiery industry, and after it was connected to the Leicestershire coalfields by rail in 1832, it rapidly developed as an industrial city, and in the 19th century it became famous for the manufacture of boots and shoes. Various light industries were then introduced. The city is thriving in the manufacture of textile machinery, shoemaking machinery, and electrical equipment. Old buildings that have been preserved include the remains of a Roman settlement, part of a medieval castle, and St. Martin's Cathedral, built in the early English Gothic style. The city centre has undergone redevelopment, with the construction of a central circular road and a high-rise government office district, and houses from the Industrial Revolution era being replaced with modern apartment buildings. It is also home to the University of Leicester (1918). Area: 73 km2 . Population: 288,000 (2005 estimate). Leicester |
イギリス,イングランド中部の都市。単一自治体(ユニタリー unitary authority)。1997年にレスターシャー県から分離して単一自治体となった。ロンドンの北北西約 150kmにあり,トレント川支流ソア川に臨む。ローマ時代に主要道路フォス街道に沿って町が建設され,ラタエ Rataeと呼ばれた。マーシア王国時代には司教座が置かれ,デーン人に占領されたのちはデーンロー地域の主要都市の一つとなり,ウィリアム1世による土地調査書『ドゥームズデイ・ブック』(1086)にはここに 322戸の家があり,65人の自由民がいたことが記されている。1589年勅許都市となり,のち非国教徒の拠点として知られた。18世紀末までにはメリヤス工業の中心地になり,1832年レスターシャー炭田と鉄道で結ばれてから工業都市として急速に発展,19世紀にはブーツや靴の製造で有名になった。その後各種軽工業が導入された。繊維機械,製靴機械,電機などの製造が盛ん。ローマ時代の集落跡,中世の城の一部や,初期イギリス・ゴシック様式の聖マーティン聖堂などの古い建造物が保存されている。中心部は再開発が進み,中央環状線道路,高層建築の官庁街も建設され,産業革命時代の家々が近代的アパートに建て替えられている。レスター大学(1918)がある。面積 73km2。人口 28万8000(2005推計)。
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