Cooling tower

Japanese: 冷水塔 - れいすいとう(英語表記)cooling tower
Cooling tower

Power plants and chemical plants use large amounts of cooling water. It is uneconomical to simply discharge industrial water that is only 5 to 10 degrees Celsius warmer than normal temperature, so it is recycled and reused to conserve resources. Except in special cases, no method other than self-evaporation can be used to cool this wastewater, and this type of cooling equipment is broadly called a cooling tower.

[Yuji Kawamura]

principle

When hot water is exposed to air with low temperature and humidity, some of the water evaporates. In doing so, the latent heat required for evaporation is taken from the water itself, causing the temperature of the remaining water to drop. This is a common principle in the self-evaporation of liquids, but because the latent heat of evaporation of water is greater than that of other general liquids, it is possible to cool a large amount of water by evaporating a relatively small amount of water. In addition, since it is a water evaporation process, there is no risk of environmental pollution, and it has the advantage of being able to be carried out industrially under open conditions.

[Yuji Kawamura]

Device

In order to effectively bring the air and water into contact with each other, water is sprayed, dropped, or allowed to flow down inside a device that is hollow or filled with a lattice or other filling material, and air is blown into the device and allowed to come into contact with it, promoting self-evaporation. Air is often blown from below against the water flow, and the device is often tower-shaped, so it is generally called a cooling tower, but there are also many square types that blow air horizontally.

The simplest type is one in which warm water is sprayed into the air using a fountain nozzle, and the water droplets that fall as they evaporate are stored in an open reservoir for reuse; this is called a cold water pond.

[Yuji Kawamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

発電所や化学工場では、大量の冷却水が使用されている。常温より5~10℃温度が上昇しただけの工業用水をそのまま排出してしまうことは不経済であり、省物資の立場からも循環再使用される。この排水の冷却には、特別の場合を除いて自己蒸発以外の方法は適用できず、このような冷却装置を広く冷水塔とよんでいる。

[河村祐治]

原理

温度の高い水を温度・湿度の低い大気に接触させると水の一部が蒸発する。その際、蒸発に必要な潜熱を水自身より奪うこととなるため、残った水の温度は低下する。このことは、液体の自己蒸発に共通な原理であるが、水の蒸発潜熱は他の一般の液体に比して大きいため、比較的少量の水の蒸発によって大量の水の冷却が可能である。また、水の蒸発操作であるため環境汚染などのおそれはなく、開放的な条件下で工業的に実施できる利点がある。

[河村祐治]

装置

大気と水との接触を効果よく行わせるため、中空あるいは格子その他の充填(じゅうてん)物を詰めた装置内で水を噴霧・落下あるいは流下させ、ここに大気を送風・接触させて自己蒸発を促す。気流を水流に対向して下方から送ることが多く、装置形状が塔型となることが多いので、一般に冷水塔とよばれているが、気流を水平方向に送る方形のものも少なくない。

 もっとも簡素な形式のものは、温水を噴水ノズルによって大気中に噴霧させ、自己蒸発しながら落下する水滴を開放貯水地に貯(たくわ)えて再利用するもので、冷水池とよばれている。

[河村祐治]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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