Impedance - Impedance (English spelling)

Japanese: インピーダンス - いんぴーだんす(英語表記)impedance
Impedance - Impedance (English spelling)

It is the ratio of the sinusoidally changing output to the sinusoidally changing input. There are electrical impedance, acoustic impedance, mechanical impedance, etc. However, since the concept of impedance originates from electrical circuit theory, when we simply say impedance, it means electrical impedance, and it is defined as the quantity that indicates the difficulty of current flow when a voltage is applied to an AC circuit. In a DC circuit, the only element that impedes current is resistance, whereas in an AC circuit, in addition to resistance, the induction coefficient caused by electromagnetic induction, that is, self-inductance, mutual inductance, and capacitance, that is, electrostatic capacitance, also work to impede the flow of current. Inductance and capacitance also affect the phase of the current. The element of the circuit that affects the phase of the current in this way is called reactance. Impedance is expressed as a complex number (a number expressed in real and imaginary units), with the real part having resistance or a resistive component (symbol R ) and the imaginary part having reactance (symbol X ). Impedance is also the inverse of admittance, which indicates the ease of current flow in an AC circuit. The unit of impedance is defined as 1 ohm (Ω) when 1 ampere of AC current flows when 1 volt of AC voltage is applied. The symbol is Z , and the relationship is Z = R + jX ( j is the imaginary unit).

[Madashi Fuse and Masazumi Yoshizawa]

[Reference] | Admittance | Acoustic Impedance | Reactance

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

正弦波状に変化する入力量に対する正弦波状に変化する出力量の比。電気的インピーダンス、音響的インピーダンス、機械的インピーダンスなどがある。ただし、インピーダンスの概念は電気回路学から生じているので、単にインピーダンスという場合は電気的インピーダンスをさし、定義も、交流回路に電圧を加えたときの電流の流れにくさを示す量となる。直流回路では、電流を妨げる要素は抵抗のみなのに対し、交流回路では、抵抗のほかに、電磁誘導によって生ずる誘導係数、つまり自己インダクタンス、相互インダクタンス、およびキャパシタンス、つまり静電容量も電流の流れを妨げる働きをする。またインダクタンスやキャパシタンスは電流の位相にも影響を及ぼす。このように電流の位相に影響を及ぼす回路の要素をリアクタンスとよんでいる。インピーダンスは複素数(実数と虚数単位で表される数)表示され、実数部にレジスタンスあるいは抵抗成分(記号はR)、虚数部にリアクタンス(記号はX)をもつ。また、インピーダンスは交流回路の電流の流れやすさを示すアドミタンスの逆数である。単位は1ボルトの交流電圧を加えたとき、1アンペアの交流電流が流れるインピーダンスを1オーム(Ω)と定めてある。記号はZで、ZRjXjは虚数単位)の関係である。

[布施 正・吉澤昌純]

[参照項目] | アドミタンス | 音響インピーダンス | リアクタンス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Impu - Imp

>>:  Letter of seal - Inbanjo

Recommend

Yunomoto [Hot Spring] - Yunomoto

A hot spring in Higashiichiki-cho (now Hioki-shi),...

Ambedkar - Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

Indian social reform activist and politician. He ...

Song Sumo - Utazumo

… [origin] Poetry contests could have been held a...

Pole of Inaccessibility

The aurora is a circular area with a radius of ab...

Farmer's disease - Noufushou

It is a common syndrome seen in farmers who have ...

Kanto Court Approval

...The main points of both sides' arguments a...

Kyushu Mountains

The Kyushu Mountain Range runs from north-northea...

Sharp, CJ (English name) SharpCJ

...The influence of these ballads, such as the me...

Red muscle fibers

…The T and L systems are arranged in an L,T,L… co...

American Heritage

...His wide-ranging achievements, including numer...

Empty set - kuushūgō (English spelling) empty set, void set

A set that does not contain any elements is called...

White-spotted hibiscus - White-spotted hibiscus

…It is found in the Kinki region and north of Hon...

Cantao ocellatus (English spelling) Cantaoocellatus

...The nymphs of the red-striped stink bug, Poeci...

Pascal, J. (English spelling) PascalJ

…French scientist, religious thinker, and man of ...

Brackets - Brackets

〘Noun〙 A type of Chinese confectionery served on t...