A city in the northwest of South Korea (Republic of Korea) facing Gyeonggi Bay. It is the second largest port city in South Korea after Busan. It was promoted to a direct-controlled city in 1981, and became a metropolitan city in 1995 as a result of the reform of the local government system. It has an area of 964.53 square kilometers and a population of 2,466,338 (2000). It was opened in 1883 under the Treaty of Amity between Japan and Korea (1876). Before World War II, it served as an advance base for Japan's invasion of the Korean Peninsula and the continent. It is also known as the site of the Incheon Landing Operation, which was carried out by the US military on September 15, 1950, during the Korean War, to turn the tide of the war. Currently, it is developing as an outer port of Seoul, an international trading port, a key port for maritime transportation for coastal islands, a fishing port for inshore fishing, and a heavy chemical industrial city. In particular, the automobile, machinery, steel, explosives, pesticides, glass, spinning, lumber, and oil refining industries are well developed. The 4th Korea Export Industrial Complex was established in the Bupyeong district in 1969. The 5th and 6th complexes are located in the Juan district. The city is favorably situated for industry due to its vast hinterland in the Gyeongin region, abundant labor force, cheap factory sites made possible by reclaiming tidal flats, and convenient transportation facilities for transporting raw materials and products. The railway line between Seoul was opened in 1899, and was later double-tracked in 1965 and electrified in 1972. Stations in the city include Incheon, East Incheon, Jemulpo, Dongam, Juan, and Bupyeong. The expressway between Seoul and Incheon was Korea's first expressway, built in 1968. The port is shallow and the tidal range is large, making it difficult for ships to enter and leave, so the first dock was built in 1918, and the second dock, capable of mooring ships of 50,000 tons, was completed in 1974. The city is administratively divided into Dong-gu, Nam-gu, Buk-gu, and Jung-gu. Inha University, Incheon University of Technology, and University of Education are located there. Incheon International Airport opened on Yeongjong Island outside Incheon Port in March 2001. Aiming to become an international hub airport in East Asia, it is capable of 24-hour operations. It is expected to transport 100 million passengers and 70 million tons of cargo per year. As of 2001, there are two 4,000-meter runways, with plans for four eventually. [Xing Foundation] [Reference items] | | Japan-Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
韓国(大韓民国)北西部、京畿(けいき/キョンギ)湾に臨む都市。釜山(ふざん/プサン)に次ぐ韓国第二の港湾都市。1981年直轄市に昇格、95年地方自治制度の改革により広域市となる。面積964.53平方キロメートル、人口246万6338(2000)。日朝修好条規(1876)によって1883年開港。第二次世界大戦前には日本の朝鮮半島と大陸侵略の前進基地として機能を果たした。また朝鮮戦争中の1950年9月15日、劣勢を跳ね返すためにアメリカ軍が行った仁川上陸作戦の地としても知られる。現在はソウルの外港、国際貿易港、沿岸島嶼(とうしょ)の海上交通要港、近海漁業の漁港として、また重化学工業都市として発展している。とくに自動車、機械、製鉄、火薬、農薬、ガラス、紡績、製材、精油工業などが発達している。富平(ふへい/プピョン)地区に韓国輸出工業第4団地が1969年に造成された。朱安(しゅあん/チュアン)地区には第5団地と第6団地がある。京仁(けいじん/キョイン)地方の広い後背地と、豊かな労働力、干潟(ひがた)地の埋立てによる安い工場の敷地、原料と製品の輸送に便利な交通施設などが工業の好立地条件になっている。鉄道はソウルとの間に1899年に開通し、その後1965年に複線化、72年に電化された。市内には仁川、東仁川、済物浦(さいもっぽ/チェムルポ)、東岩(とうがん/トンアン)、朱安、富平などの駅がある。ソウルと仁川間の高速道路は1968年に建設された韓国最初の高速道路である。港湾は水深が浅く、潮の干満の差が大きくて船舶の出入りが困難であったので、1918年に第1ドックを設け、74年には5万トン級の船舶を係船できる第2ドックを完工した。市は行政的に東区、南区、北区、中区に区分されている。仁荷(じんか/インハ)大学校、仁川工科大学、教育大学がある。2001年3月に、仁川港外の永宗島(えいしゅうとう/ヨンジョンドウ)に仁川国際空港が開港した。東アジアの国際ハブ空港を目ざし、24時間の運航が可能。年間1億人の旅客と7000万トンの貨物の輸送が見込まれる。2001年現在、4000メートル級滑走路2本、最終的には4本を計画。 [邢 基 柱] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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