Li-yue (English: Ritual and Music)

Japanese: 礼楽 - れいがく（英語表記）li-yue

Chinese etiquette and music. The fundamental norms of Chinese Confucianism are ritual and music. Rites regulate the outward expression of a correct mind, from daily life to official ceremonies, and are recorded in many books since the Zhou dynasty, including the Book of Rites and the Analects of Confucius. Music expresses a moderate mind through sound, and is recorded in the Book of Music (the Music Book of the Book of Music in the Book of Rites and the Records of the Grand Historian, which reprinted it) and the Analects of Confucius. The idea of ritual and music is that ritual disciplines behavior and music softens the mind. It is placed at the beginning of the six arts (ritual, music, archery, imperial decree, calligraphy, and mathematics) that serve as the education of intellectuals, and can be said to be the basis of the Chinese view of art. As an example of personal ritual music, there is music on the koto (seven-stringed zither), and as an example of ritual music for the emperor or the state, there is gagaku, which is played when worshiping heaven, earth, and ancestors.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国の礼儀と音楽。中国儒教の根本的規範は，礼と楽である。礼は日常生活から公式儀典まで，正しい心の外への表現を規定するもので，『礼記』や『論語』をはじめ周代以来の多くの書に記されている。楽は，音をもって節度のある心を表わすもので，『楽記』 (『礼記』の楽記編やそれを転載した『史記』の楽書に残る) や『論語』などに記されている。礼は行いを戒め，楽は心をやわらげるというのが礼楽の思想で，知識人の教養としての六芸 (礼，楽，射，御，書，数) の初めにおかれ，中国人の芸術観の根本ともいえる。個人の礼楽としては琴 (七弦琴) の楽があり，天子や国家の礼楽としては，天地祖先を祀るときの雅楽がある。

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