Reportage is a French word that means reporting or local reporting, and refers to reporting from a site or local news report. In the past, it was translated as "exploration." It was formed in Europe as a new literary genre after World War I, and was accepted in Japan after World War II, with neologisms such as reportage (or "repo" for short) works and report writers being created. However, during the Pacific War, general magazines such as Bungeishunju published special issues and special supplementary issues of "local reports" from the battlefield, and published many "reportages" from the "battlefield." Therefore, it can be said that reportages were essentially written in Japan before and during the war. Reportage literature first became popular in Japan in the 1960s and 1970s, when a series of reports on the Vietnam War were written, such as Okamura Akihiko's "South Vietnam War Chronicles" (1965) and Kaiko Takeshi's "Vietnam War Chronicles" (1965). This was followed by "Saigon" stories such as Kondo Koichi's (1940-1986) "Wife and Daughter from Saigon" (1978) and reports on Vietnam and Cambodia by Ogura Sadao (1933-2014). Overseas travelogues can also be considered a kind of reportage literature. Starting with Oda Makoto's "Everything I Want to See" (1961), Kita Morio's "Doctor Sunfish Voyage" (1960), Fujiwara Shinya's "All Oriental Highways" (1981), and Sawaki Kotaro's (1947- ) "Midnight Express" (1986-1992), reports of curious, wandering overseas travels were also written as reports for the general public by cultural anthropologists, and have captured the hearts of many readers, such as Umesao Tadao's "The Mogol Exploration Record" (1956), Hatanaka Yukiko's (1930- ) "Atolls of the South Pacific" (1967), and Hara Hiroko's (1934-2019) "The Hair Indians and Their World" (1989). Satoshi Kamata's "Automobile Despair Factory" (1973), which became a topic of discussion for its fair or unfair reporting method, gave birth to the technique of undercover reporting, and many attempts were made to write undercover reports on factories, nuclear power plants, the Yakuza, religious cults, the sex industry, and so on. Megumi Hisada's (1947-) "Men Who Loved Filipina" (1989) and Shoko Ieda's (1958-) "Die and Kiss Me" (1990) may not fit the term "undercover reportage," but they can be said to have pioneered the field of involved reporting and experience reporting, which is not just reporting. Both documentary (record literature) and reportage (report literature) are now included in the broad category of non-fiction literature, and the world of literature is broadly divided into fiction and non-fiction, with reportage and documentary being used as sub-categories of non-fiction. [Minato Kawamura] "Hara Hiroko's 'The Hair Indians and Their World' (1989, Heibonsha)" ▽ "Non-fiction Reportage Book Catalog (45/85)" (1994), edited and published by Nichigai Associates ▽ "A War Chronicle of the South Vietnam War" (Chikuma Bunko) by Okamura Akihiko ▽ "Vietnam War Chronicles" (Asahi Bunko) by Kaiko Takeshi ▽ "The Wife and Daughter from Saigon" (Bunshun Bunko) by Kondo Koichi ▽ "The Story of Vietnam's History - The Dynamism of a Nation of 100 Million People" (Chuko Shinsho) by Ogura Sadao ▽ "I'll See Everything" (Kodansha Bunko) by Oda Makoto ▽ "Doctor Sunfish Voyage" (Shincho Bunko) by Kita Morio ▽ "The All-Oriental Highway, Volumes 1 and 2 by Fujiwara Shinya (Shueisha Bunko)" ▽ "Midnight Express 1-6" by Sawaki Kotaro (Shincho Bunko)" ▽ "Explorations with the Moghor Tribe" by Umezawa Tadao (Iwanami Shinsho)" ▽ "On the Atolls of the South Pacific" by Hatanaka Sachiko (Iwanami Shinsho)" ▽ "The Despair of an Automobile Factory: The Diary of a Seasonal Worker" by Kamata Satoshi (Kodansha Bunko)" ▽ "The Men Who Loved Filipinas" by Hisada Megumi (Bunshun Bunko)" ▽ "Hold Me and Kiss Me: A Tragic Record of a Year Spent with an AIDS Patient" by Ieda Shoko (Bunshun Bunko) [References] | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ルポルタージュはフランス語で報道、現地報道を表し、現場に赴いての、そこからの現地報告、現地報道を意味する。古くは「探訪」と訳された。第一次世界大戦後に、新しい文学ジャンルとしてヨーロッパで形成されたもので、日本には第二次世界大戦後に受容され、ルポルタージュ(略してルポ)作品、ルポ・ライターといった造語がつくられた。しかし、太平洋戦争時には、『文芸春秋』などの総合雑誌が、戦場からの「現地報告」の特集号、臨時増刊号を発刊しており、多くの「戦場」からの「ルポルタージュ」を掲載した。だから、ルポルタージュは実質的には戦前・戦中から日本においても書かれていたといってよい。 日本でルポルタージュ文学が話題になったのは、岡村昭彦の『南ヴェトナム戦争従軍記』(1965)や開高健(かいこうたけし)の『ベトナム戦記』(1965)など、一連のベトナム戦争についてのルポルタージュが書かれた1960、1970年代だった。近藤紘一(1940―1986)の『サイゴンから来た妻と娘』(1978)などの「サイゴン」ものや、小倉貞男(1933―2014)のベトナム、カンボジアについての報告などがそれに続いた。 海外紀行も一種のルポルタージュ文学といえるだろう。小田実(まこと)の『何でも見てやろう』(1961)から始まり、北杜夫(もりお)の『どくとるマンボウ航海記』(1960)、藤原新也の『全東洋街道』(1981)や、沢木耕太郎(1947― )の『深夜特急』(1986~1992)に至る、好奇心旺盛(おうせい)な、放浪といってもよい海外の旅の報告は、文化人類学者の一般向けの報告書としても書かれ、梅棹忠夫(うめさおただお)の『モゴール族探検記』(1956)、畑中幸子(ゆきこ)(1930― )の『南太平洋の環礁にて』(1967)、原ひろ子(1934―2019)の『ヘヤー・インディアンとその世界』(1989)など、多くの読者をつかんだ。 取材方法がフェアかアンフェアかで話題となった鎌田慧(さとし)の『自動車絶望工場』(1973)は、潜入ルポといった手法を生み出し、工場、原子力発電所、ヤクザ、宗教教団、風俗営業の世界などへの潜入ルポが多く試みられるようになった。久田恵(めぐみ)(1947― )の『フィリッピーナを愛した男たち』(1989)や家田荘子(いえだしょうこ)(1958― )の『私を抱いてそしてキスして』(1990)などは、潜入ルポという言い方にはそぐわないかもしれないが、単なる取材ではない、関与取材、体験ルポといった分野を切り開いたものといってよいだろう。ドキュメンタリー(記録文学)、ルポルタージュ(報告文学)ともに、現在ではノンフィクション文学という広い範疇(はんちゅう)に包摂され、文学の世界は大きくフィクション―ノンフィクションに大別され、ルポルタージュ、ドキュメンタリーというのは、ノンフィクションの下部の分類として使用されることになるだろう。 [川村 湊] 『原ひろ子著『ヘヤー・インディアンとその世界』(1989・平凡社)』▽『日外アソシエーツ編・刊『ノンフィクション・ルポルタージュ図書目録(45/85)』(1994)』▽『岡村昭彦著『南ヴェトナム戦争従軍記』(ちくま文庫)』▽『開高健著『ベトナム戦記』(朝日文庫)』▽『近藤紘一著『サイゴンから来た妻と娘』(文春文庫)』▽『小倉貞男著『物語 ヴェトナムの歴史――一億人国家のダイナミズム』(中公新書)』▽『小田実著『何でも見てやろう』(講談社文庫)』▽『北杜夫著『どくとるマンボウ航海記』(新潮文庫)』▽『藤原新也著『全東洋街道』上・下(集英社文庫)』▽『沢木耕太郎著『深夜特急1~6』(新潮文庫)』▽『梅棹忠夫著『モゴール族探検記』(岩波新書)』▽『畑中幸子著『南太平洋の環礁にて』(岩波新書)』▽『鎌田慧著『自動車絶望工場――ある季節工の日記』(講談社文庫)』▽『久田恵著『フィリッピーナを愛した男たち』(文春文庫)』▽『家田荘子著『私を抱いてそしてキスして――エイズ患者と過ごした一年の壮絶記録』(文春文庫)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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