Iwami Land Survey

Land surveys were conducted by Okubo Iwami no Kami Nagayasu, a magistrate in the early Edo period, during the Tensho, Bunroku, and Keicho periods. Also called the Iwami Survey or Okubo Nawa, this was one of the most representative land surveys, along with the Bizen land survey conducted by magistrate Ina Bizen no Kami Tadatsugu. Land surveys were conducted mainly in the Kanto region from 1591 (Tensho 19), the year after the Tokugawa clan entered the Kanto region, and after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 (Keicho 5), surveys were also conducted in Kai (Yamanashi Prefecture), Echigo (Niigata Prefecture), Shinano (Nagano Prefecture), Mino (Gifu Prefecture), Yamashiro (Kyoto Prefecture), and Iwami (Shimane Prefecture) as the Tokugawa clan gained hegemony. The format of recording was not necessarily consistent, being sometimes based on kokudaka as well as kanmon. The land survey pole was shortened from the previous 1 ken = 6 shaku 3 sun (approximately 1.91 meters) to 6 shaku 1 bu (approximately 1.82 meters), with 6 shaku 1 bu squared being 1 bu and 300 bu being 1 tan. The shortening of the land survey pole was intended to increase the lord's share, but it was notable for promoting the independence of small farmers, which was the basis of the shogunate's existence, while recognizing the traditional share of the myoshu class.

[Nao Murakami]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸前期の代官頭(だいかんがしら)大久保石見守長安(いわみのかみながやす)が天正(てんしょう)・文禄(ぶんろく)・慶長(けいちょう)期に行った検地。別に石見検、大久保縄(なわ)ともいい、代官頭伊奈備前守忠次(いなびぜんのかみただつぐ)の備前検地と並び用いられた代表的検地。徳川氏の関東入国の翌年、1591年（天正19）から関東を中心に実施され、1600年（慶長5）関ヶ原の戦い以後、徳川氏の覇権獲得に伴い甲斐(かい)（山梨県）、越後(えちご)（新潟県）、信濃(しなの)（長野県）、美濃(みの)（岐阜県）、山城(やましろ)（京都府）、石見（島根県）にも行われた。記載形式も石高のみならず貫文によるのもあり、かならずしも一定していない。検地竿(ざお)はそれまでの1間(けん)＝6尺3寸（約1.91メートル）から6尺1分（約1.82メートル）に短縮し、6尺1分四方を1歩、300歩を1反としている。検地竿の短縮は領主側の取分の増加を企図するものであるが、従来の名主(みょうしゅ)層の得分(とくぶん)を認めつつ、幕府存立の基盤である小農民自立を推し進めていった点に特色がある。

［村上　直］

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