Johan Ludvig Runeberg

Japanese: ルーネベリ - るーねべり(英語表記)Johan Ludvig Runeberg
Johan Ludvig Runeberg

Finnish romantic poet. Wrote in Swedish. Born in Pietarsaari as the son of a poor ship captain. In 1822, he entered the University of Turku to study Western classical literature. His contemporaries included Ronrut and Snellman, who would later become central figures in raising national consciousness and promoting Finnish independence. From the end of 1823, he interrupted his studies for two years to tutor in a remote village in central Finland, due to poverty. His encounter with the beautiful nature and human kindness of this place, ancient Finnish traditional poetry, and Serbian folk songs laid the groundwork for the birth of a romantic poet. His lyric poems, such as "Poems I-III" (1830, 1833, 1843) and "Paavo in Saarijärvi" (1831), are comparable to the great Western romantic poets V. Hugo, Keats, and Pushkin, and he was later praised by Nobel Prize-winning author Heidenstam as "the Da Vinci of Swedish poetry."

His epic poems such as The Archer on Skis chasing a Moose (1832) and Christmas Night (1841) depicted peasant life realistically and were a precursor to the peasant realism of Finnish literature, which began with Kiby. However, it was his Tale of the Standard-bearer (1848-60) that made him immortal. Set in Finland during the Swedish-Russian War (1808-09), this long narrative poem humorously praised the loyal, persevering and courageous deeds of soldiers who were passionate about their country, regardless of whether they were friend or foe, and stirred up patriotism among the Finnish people. This work and its opening poem, Our Country (which has been the Finnish national anthem since 1948), became a source of national pride and Runeberg was revered as the national poet.

[Shizuo Takahashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フィンランドのロマン派詩人。スウェーデン語で書いた。貧しい船長の子としてピエタルサーリに生まれる。1822年トゥルク大学に入学し西洋古典文学を学んだ。同期にロンルート、スネルマンがいて、のちにこの3人がフィンランド独立の気運を高めた民族意識高揚の中心的人物となる。23年末から2年余り、貧しさゆえに学業を中断し、中部フィンランドの寒村で家庭教師をした。この地の美しい自然と人情、フィンランド古代伝承詩、そしてセルビア民謡との出会いが、ロマン派詩人誕生の下地となった。『詩集』I~Ⅲ(1830、33、43)、『サーリヤルビ村のパーボ』(1831)などの叙情詩は、西欧ロマン派大詩人V・ユゴー、キーツ、プーシキンに比肩し、のちにノーベル賞作家ヘイデンスタムによって「スウェーデン語詩芸術のダ・ビンチ」と称賛された。

 また、『スキーでヘラジカを追う射手』(1832)、『クリスマスの夜』(1841)ほかの叙事詩は農民生活をリアルに描き、フィンランド語文学の父キビィに始まる農民リアリズム作品に先行していた。しかし、その名を不朽にしたのは『ストール旗手物語』(1848~60)であった。フィンランドを舞台にしたスウェーデン・ロシア戦争(1808~09)を扱い、敵味方の別なく、祖国愛に燃える兵士たちの誠実で忍耐強い勇敢な活躍をユーモラスに賛美した長編物語詩で、国民の祖国愛をかき立てた。この作品とその冒頭詩「われらの国」(1948年以来フィンランド国歌)は民族意識高揚の源泉となり、ルーネベリは国民詩人として敬愛された。

[高橋静男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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