Russian painter, sculptor, and set designer. Born in Moscow. He studied under Serov and Korowin at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, and later at the Penza Art School. After graduating, he worked as an art teacher in Moscow, Leningrad (St. Petersburg), and Kiev, while also actively creating art. He was attracted to Cubism and Futurism early on, and his famous work from this period is Model (1913, Tretyakov Gallery). During the Soviet era, he was attracted to Constructivism, and created experimental works using materials such as glass, metal, and wood. In the 1920s, he worked on everything from abstract art to the design of mass-produced everyday consumer goods. He is also famous for designing the Monument to the Third International (1919-20), although it ended up being only a model. He also designed an ornithopter called "Letatlin" (1930-31), named after himself, as a tool for humans to fly in the sky, but he is said to have eventually abandoned its practical purpose, fascinated by the beauty of the shape of its wings. He also worked as a stage designer, decorating more than 80 stages, including those of the Moscow Art Theatre. However, he was unfortunate in his later years, and was almost forgotten in the former Soviet Union until the "thaw" came after Stalin's death. [Hiroshi Kimura] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの画家、彫刻家、舞台装置家。モスクワに生まれる。同地の絵画・彫刻・建築学校でセローフ、コローウィンに師事、その後ペンザ美術学校にも学んだ。卒業後はモスクワ、レニングラード(サンクト・ペテルブルグ)、キエフで美術教育に従事するかたわら、意欲的な制作を行った。早くからキュビスムと未来主義にひかれ、この時期の作品としては『モデル』(1913・トレチャコフ美術館)が有名。ソビエト時代になってからは構成主義にひかれ、ガラス、金属、木片などの素材を使った実験的作品を制作。1920年代には抽象美術から大量生産による日常消費財の設計をも手がけた。また模型だけに終わったが、『第三インターナショナル記念塔』(1919~20)の設計も有名である。このほか自分の名前をもじって名づけた『レタトリン』(1930~31)とよばれる羽ばたき飛行機は、人間が空を飛ぶための道具であるが、最終的にはその翼のフォルムの美しさに魅せられて、実用的な目的を放棄したといわれている。舞台装置家としても活躍し、モスクワ芸術座など80以上の舞台を飾った。しかし、晩年は不遇で、スターリンの死後「雪どけ」が訪れるまで旧ソ連ではほとんど忘れられた存在であった。 [木村 浩] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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