In 1803, the United States purchased the vast French territory of Louisiana on the west bank of the Mississippi River in North America from Napoleon I. In 1800, Spain, which had been conquered by Napoleon I, ceded Louisiana to France. When the United States learned of this, it felt a great threat, and President T. Jefferson ordered French envoy R. Livingston and envoy J. Monroe to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans and the area of the Gulf of Mexico south of 31° north latitude (West Florida). Meanwhile, Napoleon was facing a rebellion in Saint-Domingue (Haiti) and a threat from Britain, and realized that it would be difficult to maintain Louisiana. In May 1803, he sold the rights to all of Louisiana (about 2.14 million km2 ) to the United States for 80 million francs (15 million dollars), going beyond the area Jefferson had instructed. This doubled the United States' territory in an instant, opening the way for development in the West. This purchase was said to be the greatest bargain in American history, and although Jefferson's actions could be considered constitutional overreach by the president, the Senate approved the treaty by a large margin. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1803年アメリカがナポレオン1世から北アメリカ大陸のミシシッピ川西岸の広大なフランス領ルイジアナを購入した事件。 1800年ナポレオン1世に征服されたスペインはルイジアナをフランスに移譲した。これを知ったアメリカは大きな脅威を感じ,大統領 T.ジェファーソンはフランス駐在公使 R.リビングストン,特命全権公使 J.モンローにニューオーリンズと北緯 31°から南のメキシコ湾一帯 (ウェストフロリダ) の購入交渉を命じた。一方ナポレオンはサントドマング (ハイチ) の反乱に直面,またイギリスの脅威を受けてルイジアナの維持を困難と認め,03年5月,8000万フラン (1500万ドル) で,ジェファーソンの指示した範囲をこえて全ルイジアナ (約 214万 km2) の領有権をアメリカに売却した。これによってアメリカの領土は一躍2倍になり西部への発展の道が開けた。この購入はアメリカ史上で最も買い得なものであったといわれる。なおジェファーソンの行為は,憲法上は大統領の越権行為とみなしうるものであったが,上院はこの条約を大差で承認した。
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