Swedish naturalist. Born to a pastor's family in Råsshult, Småland, he was interested in plants from an early age. He studied medicine at Lund University and botany at Uppsala University. He obtained his medical degree in 1735, and published a 14-page pamphlet called Systema Naturae in Leiden in the same year, proposing a classification system for plants based on their sex organs. He opened a medical practice in 1738, and became a professor of anatomy at Uppsala University in 1741, and a professor of botany there the following year in 1742. In 1753, he published Species of Plants, establishing a binomial system in which plants and animals are named by both genus and species. Species of Plants became the standard for botanical nomenclature, and the 10th edition of Systema Naturae published in 1758 became the standard for zoological nomenclature. Furthermore, in his 1751 book Philosophie Botanifera, he acknowledged that there were unorthodox (artificial) and orthodox (natural) classifications in the classification system, and attempted a natural classification of plants, but this was not always successful. In Philosophie Botanifera, Linnaeus believed that species were immutable, but later noticed that even within the same species, there were plants with different flower forms, and after 1760 he acknowledged that new species were generated by environmental influences, and did not deny the possibility of genera changing, but believed that God created the common plants of each genera or order. [Sadao Yasugi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スウェーデンの博物学者。スモーランドのロースフルトで牧師の家に生まれ、幼時から植物に興味をもった。ルンド大学で医学を修め、さらにウプサラ大学で植物学を研究した。1735年に医学の学位をとり、同年ライデンで『自然の体系』という14ページの小冊子を出版、植物を雌雄蕊(ずい)を基準にして分類する体系を提唱した。1738年に医者を開業、1741年ウプサラ大学解剖学教授、翌1742年同植物学教授となった。1753年に『植物の種』を出版し、動植物を属名と種名の二つの名称で固定する二命名法を確立した。この『植物の種』が植物命名法の、1758年に出版された『自然の体系 第10版』が動物命名法の、それぞれ基準となった。さらに1751年の『植物哲学』では分類の体系に非正統(人為)分類と正統(自然)分類があることを認め、植物の自然分類を試みたが、これはかならずしも成功しなかった。リンネは『植物哲学』では種は不変であるとしたが、その後、同一種のなかにも花などの形態が異なるものがあるのに気づき、1760年以降環境の影響によって新種が生じることを認め、属が変化する可能性をも否定しなかったが、神が各属または各目の共通植物を創造したと信じていた。 [八杉貞雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
824 koro-892 A hadith scholar born in Tirmidh (now...
A form of guidebook to famous places (famous geog...
This god appears only in the Harima no Kuni Fudoki...
Noh piece. Third piece. Current piece of the five...
[noun/adjective] 1. Extremely large. Also, the sta...
...Okyo's school played an active role in the...
It is an uplifted atoll located in the southwest P...
It is a derivative of pyrimidine bases that is wi...
One of the most important ores of chromium (Cr). ...
…[Tetsuichi Yahara]. … *Some of the terminology t...
Also called "dōnin-zashi," magazines are...
[1] A temple located in Nagano Motozencho, Nagano ...
The name of the refill for the ballpoint pen made ...
Italian novelist. Born in Sicily as the son of a ...
…[Takakura Tadahiro]. … *Some of the terminology ...