This refers to a facility constructed as a traffic route leading to and from forests for transporting forest products, afforestation, logging, soil and water conservation, recreational use, forest management, etc. A single-track road with a width of about 4 meters and gravel is common, but main roads with heavy traffic are constructed as single-track or double-track roads with asphalt paving that are easy to maintain. For forest roads that have to pass through remote forest areas that require nature protection, it is particularly essential to select routes and construct road bodies that are in harmony with nature. The number of forest roads newly constructed as automobile roads throughout Japan has been on the decline, dropping from 1,187 kilometers in 2000 to 484 kilometers in 2010 (total of national and private forest roads). In addition, there are forest service roads that are designed for the use of forestry machinery such as forwarders and that form a forest road network together with forest roads within forests. The density of the forest road network (unit: meters/hectare), consisting of forest roads and work roads, is an important indicator of the production base of forestry, and Japan's density is about 17 meters/hectare (2009), which is significantly lower than forestry-advanced countries such as Austria, where it is 89 meters/hectare (figure from 1992-1996), and Germany, where it is 118 meters/hectare (figure from the former West Germany, 1986-1989), and there is a need for the development of an integrated road network of forest roads and work roads.In addition, numerous existing forest roads that are closely related to the lives of mountain village residents have been transferred to prefectural roads and municipal roads in various places, and are being used to improve people's lives. [Sanpei Yamawaki] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
林産物の運搬や植林、伐採、治山治水の各事業、レクリエーション利用、森林管理などのために、森林内外に通ずる交通路として築造される施設をいう。幅員4メートル前後、砂利敷きの単線自動車道が普通であるが、交通量の多い幹線には、維持管理のしやすいアスファルト舗装の単線あるいは複線の自動車道が建設されている。奥地の自然保護を必要とする森林地帯を通過せざるをえない林道にあっては、とくに自然と調和した路線の選定、路体の作設が不可欠となっている。日本全国で年間新設される自動車道としての林道は減少傾向にあり2000年度(平成12)には1187キロメートルであったものが、2010年度では484キロメートルに減少した(国有林林道・民有林林道の合計)。このほか、森林内で林道とともに林内路網ネットワークを構成する、フォワーダーなどの林業機械の走行を想定する森林作業道がある。この林道・作業道からなる林内路網密度(単位はメートル/ヘクタール)は林業の重要な生産基盤の指標で、日本は約17メートル/ヘクタール(2009)で、オーストリア89メートル/ヘクタール(1992~1996年の数値)、ドイツ118メートル/ヘクタール(旧西ドイツ圏1986~1989年の数値)の林業先進国に比べ著しく低く、林道と作業道との一体となった路網整備が望まれている。なお、既設林道で山村住民の生活と密着したものは、府県道や町村道に各地で無数移管され、民生に役だてられている。 [山脇三平] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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