It means "successor" in Greek. It specifically refers to the Macedonian generals who claimed to be the successors of Alexander the Great after his sudden death (323 BC) and fought over his estates. The conflict is called the Wars of the Diadochi (323 BC - circa 280 BC). The conflict first raged between the central forces of Perdiccas and Eumenes, the regent Antipater, and Antigonus (I) (until around 316 BC), but at this stage the idea of preserving the integrity of the remaining territories (the unification faction) was stronger. By this time, the Great King's younger brother Philip III Arrhidaeus (317 BC) and the dowager Empress Olympias (316 BC) had both been assassinated. Then, the separatists Lysimachus, Cassander, Ptolemy (I), and Seleucus (I) opposed Antigonus, who survived. The latter won the Battle of Ipsus (Asia Minor) in 301 BC, and the dream of maintaining the old empire was completely lost. During this time, the Great's wife Roxane and his surviving son Alexander IV were poisoned, bringing the royal line to an end (310/309 BC), and from 306 BC onwards, the Diadochi all began to claim the title of successor. This was the stage at which the formation of the dynasty began. Afterwards, the conflict between the separatists continued to be fierce, and in 281 BC, Lysimachus was defeated at Clupedium (western Asia Minor), and the transitional Thracian Kingdom was destroyed. Ultimately, the three Hellenistic kingdoms of Antigonus II of Macedonia, Ptolemy I of Egypt, and Seleucus I of Syria were established. [Yoshiki Kanazawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ギリシア語で「後継者」の意。とくにアレクサンドロス大王の急逝(前323)後、それぞれ大王の後継者と呼号してその遺領を争ったマケドニアの部将たちをいう。またその抗争をディアドコイ戦争(前323~前280ころ)とよぶ。 抗争は、まず中心勢力であったペルディッカスおよびエウメネス、摂政(せっしょう)アンティパトロス、アンティゴノス(1世)らの間に繰り返された(~前316ころまで)が、この段階では遺領の一体性を保全しようとする理念(統一派)が強かった。このころまでに大王の弟フィリッポス3世アリダイオス(前317)も太后オリンピアス(前316)も弑(しい)された。ついで、勝ち残ったアンティゴノスに、リシマコスやカッサンドロス、プトレマイオス(1世)、セレウコス(1世)らの分離派が対抗。紀元前301年イプソス(小アジア)の戦いに後者らが勝って、旧帝国保持の夢が完全に失われた。この間、大王の妃ロクサネと遺児アレクサンドロス4世とが毒殺されて大王の王統が絶え(前310/309)、前306年以降ディアドコイらは一斉に後継者としての王号をとなえるに至る。この段階で王朝の形成が始まったといえよう。その後、抗争はなお分離派相互の間で熾烈(しれつ)に続けられ、前281年クルペディオン(小アジア西部)でリシマコスが敗れて、過渡的なトラキア王国が滅亡した。最終的には、アンティゴノス2世のマケドニア、プトレマイオス1世のエジプト、セレウコス1世のシリアというヘレニズム三国が確定した。 [金澤良樹] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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