...Other major cities in Assyria were Nineveh and Urubilum (later Arbela). Assyria lacked natural resources other than marble and other stone materials, and long-distance trade developed early on. In the 19th century BC, Assyrian commercial colonies such as Kanish and Hattusa were established in Asia Minor, and records from three generations of colonial merchants reveal that they were loosely connected to the mother city of Ashur and engaged in lively trade. The first major political unification of Assyria and the founding of a powerful northern state was Shamsiadad I (reigned 1813-1781 BC), who appeared at the end of the same century and was of Amorites. He conquered Mari and ruled over almost all of northern Mesopotamia. From Kultepe…Since 48 AD, excavations by Turkish archaeologists have been continuing. The ruins of the capital city, called Kanish in Assyrian and Nesa in Hittite, are the remains of an Assyrian commercial colony established here in the 19th to 18th centuries BCE, and a large number of economic documents written in Assyrian have been excavated. These documents, collectively known as the Cappadocian Texts, show that Assyrian merchants in search of copper were active in this area some time before the establishment of the Hittite Empire. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kanish" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…主要都市としては,アッシュールのほかにニネベ,ウルビルム(後のアルベラ)があった。アッシリアには大理石などの石材のほかは資源が乏しく,早くから遠距離貿易が発達したが,前19世紀には小アジアにアッシリア人の商業植民地カニシュやハットゥサが建設され,母市アッシュールとゆるやかに結びついて活発な交易活動を行っていたことが,3代にわたる植民地商人の記録によって明らかになった。アッシリアに初めて大きな政治的統一をもたらし,北方の一強国を建設したのが,同世紀末に現れたアムル人出身のシャムシアダド1世(在位,前1813‐前1781)で,マリを征して北メソポタミアのほぼ全域を支配した。… 【キュルテペ】より…48年以来,トルコの考古学者による発掘が続けられている。アッシリア語でカニシュ,ヒッタイト語でネサと呼ばれた都城の遺跡で,前19~前18世紀ころ,ここにアッシリアの商業植民市が置かれ,アッシリア語で書かれた経済文書が多量に出土している。〈カッパドキア文書〉と総称されるこれらの文書によって,ヒッタイト王国の成立にやや先立つころ,この方面に,銅を求めるアッシリア商人の活動があったことが知られる。… ※「カニシュ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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