The Rurik Dynasty (Russian: Рюриковичи/Ryurikovichi)

Japanese: リューリク朝 - りゅーりくちょう(英語表記)Рюриковичи/Ryurikovichi ロシア語
The Rurik Dynasty (Russian: Рюриковичи/Ryurikovichi)

A Russian dynasty from the 9th century to 1598. Its origins lie in the legendary figure Rurik (reigned ?-879). According to the Primary Chronicle, he was invited from "beyond the sea" with his two brothers to bring order to Russia, which was plagued by internal conflict. After Rurik's death in 882, his son Igor (reigned c. 913-945) ruled Kiev with the help of his relative Oleg, and the foundations of the dynasty were solidified. From then until the end of the 16th century, all of the princely positions in Kiev, Vladimir-Suzdal, Moscow and other principalities were held by his descendants. The various branches of the dynasty, which branched out in complex ways over time, were sometimes called the Monomakh family or the Oleg family after their respective founders. The House of Moscow originated from the Monomakh family of Vladimir-Suzdal. By the mid-15th century, it had essentially become the only ruling dynasty in northeastern Russia, and in 1547, Grand Prince Ivan IV of Moscow (the Terrible, reigned 1533-84) took the title of Tsar. With the death of Ivan's son Fyodor (reigned 1584-98), the dynasty came to an end, and after a period of turmoil, Russia entered the era of the Romanov dynasty in 1613.

[Takeo Kuryuzawa]

The Rurik dynasty/brief family tree
©Shogakukan ">

The Rurik dynasty/brief family tree


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

9世紀~1598年のロシアの王朝。元祖は、伝説上の人物であるリューリク(在位?~879)。『原初年代記』によると、彼は内紛に悩むロシアに秩序をもたらすために、2人の弟とともに「海のかなた」から招かれたという。リューリクの死後、882年その子イーゴリ(在位913ころ~945)が一族のオレーグに助けられてキエフに君臨し、王朝の基礎が固まった。その後16世紀末に至るキエフ、ウラジーミル・スズダリ、モスクワその他の諸公国の公位は、すべてその子孫が占めることとなった。時とともに複雑に分岐した王朝の各系統は、それぞれの始祖の名をとって、モノマフ一門とかオレーグ一門とかよばれることもあった。モスクワ公家は、ウラジーミル・スズダリのモノマフ一門に発する。それは15世紀中ごろには実質的に北東ロシアで唯一の支配公家となり、1547年にはモスクワ大公イワン4世(雷帝、在位1533~84)がツァーリを名のるようになる。このイワンの子フョードル(在位1584~98)の死により王朝は断絶し、動乱時代を経て、ロシアは1613年ロマノフ朝の時代を迎えることになる。

[栗生沢猛夫]

リューリク朝/略系図
©Shogakukan">

リューリク朝/略系図


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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