Jean-Baptiste Lully

Japanese: リュリ - りゅり(英語表記)Jean-Baptiste Lully
Jean-Baptiste Lully

French composer. Born in Florence, he moved to Paris in 1646. He began serving the court of Louis XIV at the age of 20, and after working as a dancer and instrumental composer, he became a composer for the court ballet. He was favored by the king, and in 1661 he became the director and composer of the royal orchestra, and in the same year he became a naturalized French citizen. From 1664 onwards, he collaborated with Molière and produced comedies-ballets (comedies with many ballets inserted in the interludes). His representative work in this field is Les Borges Nobles (1670). Lully planned to open an opera house, and the king granted him exclusive performance rights. Lully studied the intonation of French classical drama, and used a vocal style that did not distinguish between recitative and aria, which was in keeping with the French language, and mainly used mythology as his subject matter. He composed and performed operas consisting of a prologue and five acts from 1673 until 1686. This became the basic style of French Baroque opera. He also composed magnificent sacred music for two groups of choirs and an orchestra for the Royal Chapel. He died in Paris.

[Yoshio Miyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの作曲家。フィレンツェに生まれ、1646年パリに移る。20歳ごろからルイ14世の宮廷に仕え、踊り手、器楽作曲家を経て、宮廷バレエの作曲家として活躍。国王の寵愛(ちょうあい)を受け、61年に王室の楽団総監督、同作曲家に就任、同年フランスに帰化した。64年以後モリエールと協力し、コメディ・バレエ(幕間などに多くのバレエを挿入した喜劇)を発表した。この分野の代表作は『町人貴族』(1670)である。リュリはオペラ劇場開設を企画、国王は彼に独占的上演権を与えた。リュリはフランス古典劇の抑揚を研究、フランス語に即したレチタティーボとアリアの区別のない声楽スタイルを用い、神話をおもな題材とした。プロローグと五幕からなるオペラを、73年以後86年まで作曲、上演した。これはフランス・バロック・オペラの基本スタイルとなった。また二群の合唱、管弦楽による壮麗な宗教音楽を王室礼拝堂のために作曲した。パリに没。

[美山良夫]

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