In aqueous solutions, H + hydrates to form H3O + , which is also called an oxonium ion or hydroxonium ion. If hydration is not important, it is simply called a hydrogen ion and represented as H + . H3O + is a trigonal pyramid (∠HOH approximately 115°) with the O atom at the apex, but it is also known to exist in other forms, such as H5O2 + (where the H atom of H3O + is hydrogen-bonded to the O atom of H2O ), H7O3 + , and H9O4 + . When the degree of hydration is unclear, it is generally referred to as a hydronium ion. Solvated H + also exists in organic solvents. For example, CH3OH2 + in methanol and ( CH3 ) 2OH + in ether are called methyloxonium ions and dimethyloxonium ions , respectively. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
H+ は,水溶液中では水和してH3O+をつくる.これをオキソニウムイオンまたはヒドロキソニウムイオンともいう.水和が重要でなければ単に水素イオンといい,H+ で表す.H3O+はO原子を頂点とした三方すい型(∠H-O-H約115°)であるが,これにさらに水が結合したH5O2+(H3O+のH原子にH2OのO原子が水素結合する),H7O3+,H9O4+などの存在も知られている.水和の程度がはっきりしない場合には,一般にヒドロニウムイオンと総称される.有機溶媒中でも溶媒和した H+ が存在する.たとえば,メタノール中のCH3OH2+,エーテル中の(CH3)2OH+などであり,それぞれメチルオキソニウムイオン,ジメチルオキソニウムイオンのようによぶ. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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