Trees that are still growing on the land, or a group of trees. Under the Civil Code, they are treated as real property as fixtures on the land (Article 86), and ownership belongs to the landowner (Article 242). Therefore, according to the provisions of the Civil Code, standing trees are not an independent subject of trade apart from the land. However, there has long been a practice of separating standing trees from the land on which they grow and trading them separately, and to meet this need for trading, the "Law Concerning Standing Trees" was enacted in 1909 (Meiji 42). Standing trees that have been registered to preserve ownership under this law are treated as real property independent of the land on which they are based, just like buildings (Article 2). Furthermore, case law has recognized that standing trees that have not been registered under the Standing Trees Law can also be traded as independent real property if they are clearly identified by scraping the bark and writing the owner's name in ink. [Yasuyuki Takahashi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
土地に生えているままの樹木、また、その集団。民法上は、土地の定着物として不動産として取り扱われ(86条)、その所有権は土地所有者に帰属する(242条)。したがって、民法の条文による限り、立木は土地と別に独立の取引対象とならないことになる。しかし、古くから立木はそれが生えている土地から切り離して独立に取引する慣行があり、この取引上の必要に応じるため1909年(明治42)に「立木ニ関スル法律」が制定された。同法に基づき所有権保存の登記がなされた立木は、建物と同じように、地盤の土地から独立した不動産として取り扱われる(2条)。さらに、立木法による登記を経ない立木も、樹皮を削って所有者の名を墨書するなどの明認(めいにん)方法を施すことによって、独立の不動産として取引の対象となることが、判例によって認められている。 [高橋康之] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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