Censor (English spelling)

Japanese: ケンソル（英語表記）censor

An ancient Roman office. It is translated as censor. It was established around 443 BC. It was originally responsible for registering citizens' households and property, and was called the censor general. Later, its powers were expanded to include auditing the senator list, inspecting public morals, assessing property taxes, stripping moral violators of their civil rights, and administering the purification ceremony at the five-year census. The censor was elected by the military council, and had a term of 18 months. Originally, the office was exclusively held by patricians (nobles), but in 351 BC, plebeians (commoners) were also eligible to be elected. The decision of the censor required the agreement of two members, and the death or resignation of one also forced the other to resign. When Augustus acquired the office as doge in 22 BC, it became part of the doge's powers.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

古代ローマの官職。監察官と訳される。前 443年頃に創始された官職で，本来市民の戸口と財産の登録を司り，戸口総監と呼ばれたが，のちに権限が拡大され，元老院議員の名簿の監査，風紀監察，さらに財産への税の査定，道徳的違反者の公権剥奪，5年毎の人口調査の際の清浄の儀式をも司った。ケンソルは兵員会で選出され，定員は2名，任期は 18ヵ月。本来パトリキ (貴族) が独占した官職であったが，前 351年よりプレプス (平民) も被選挙資格を得た。ケンソルの裁定は2名の合意を要し，その1人の死亡または辞任は他の1人をも退任させた。前 22年アウグスツスが元首としてこの職を取得したため，元首の権限のなかに包摂されてしまった。

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