《Language》(Bloomfield) (English) Language

Japanese: 《Language》(ブルームフィールド)(英語表記)Language
《Language》(Bloomfield) (English) Language


[Bloomfield and Structural Linguistics]
Meanwhile, in the United States during this period, as cultural anthropological research on American Indian tribes progressed, an objective method that did not rely on traditional grammar was needed to describe their languages. E. Sapir, who had extensively studied American Indian languages, noticed the existence of a phonological system that differed from the phonetic realities at a different level in his book Language (1921), which he called "sound patterns." He also argued that the form of a language is easier to study as a system than its meaning or function, paving the way for the typological classification of languages ​​based purely on formal criteria without relying on historical or developmental relationships. However, the founder of American structural linguistics was L. Bloomfield, who was the same age as Sapir, and whose book Language (1933) clearly showed the concrete methodology of descriptive linguistics based on behaviorist psychology.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Language" (Bloomfield) are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[ブルームフィールドと構造言語学]
 一方,この時期のアメリカではアメリカ・インディアン諸族の文化人類学的研究の進展の中で,その言語の記述のために伝統的な文法によらぬ客観的な方法を必要としていた。アメリカ・インディアン諸語を広く研究したE.サピアはその著書《言語Language》(1921)の中で音声的実態とレベルを異にする音韻論的体系の存在に気づき,これを〈音声パターンsound pattern〉と呼ぶ一方,言語の意味や機能よりは形式の方が体系として研究しやすいことを説き,歴史的・発生的関係に頼らずに純粋に形式的な基準による言語の類型論的分類への道を開いた。しかしアメリカ構造言語学の開祖となったのは彼と同年代のL.ブルームフィールドで,その著書《言語Language》(1933)は行動主義心理学に基づく記述言語学の具体的な方法論を明快に示すものであった。…

※「《Language》(ブルームフィールド)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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