The term refers to the frontier or border of the Roman Empire. Initially, it simply meant a road that marked the boundary between land divisions, but it came to mean a military road that was opened along the military's expeditionary activities. Fortresses and watchtowers were set up along these roads, but as the expansion of the provinces came to a halt, the idea of a border as a boundary line connecting these defensive facilities was born. For example, Tacitus uses the term limes as a border concept, along with ripa, which refers to a river that marks the border with the outer lands. In places without natural barriers, Emperors Domitian (reigned 81-96) and Hadrian (reigned 117-138) made efforts to build defensive facilities such as moats, earthworks, fences, and stone walls. Among them, the "Hadrian's Wall" in Britannia (present-day England) and the defensive stockade connecting the Rhine and Danube are famous. [Ryoji Motomura] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ローマ帝国の辺境ないしは国境をいう。当初は、土地分割の境目となる道路を意味したにすぎないが、軍隊の遠征活動に伴って切り開かれた軍道を意味するようになった。これらに沿って要塞(ようさい)や見張所が設置されたが、属州地の拡大が終止するにつれて、これらの守備施設を連結する境界線としての国境の観念が生まれた。たとえば、タキトゥスにあっては、外地との境界をなす河川をさすリパripaと並んで、国境概念としてのリメスが用いられている。天然の遮断物に恵まれない場合には、ドミティアヌス帝(在位81~96)やハドリアヌス帝(在位117~138)などによって、堀、土塁、柵、石壁などの防備施設を築く努力がなされた。なかでも、ブリタニア(現在のイングランド)の「ハドリアヌスの長城」やライン川とドナウ川とを結ぶ防御柵などは有名である。 [本村凌二] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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