A leading figure in German Protestant theology in the second half of the 19th century. Born in Berlin on March 25th. Professor at the University of Bonn in 1852, and at the University of Göttingen since 1864. He initially belonged to Baul's Tübingen School, and devoted himself to the study of the New Testament and the Church Fathers, drawing attention with his magnum opus Die Entstehung der altkatholischen Kirche (1850). However, in the revised and reprinted edition (1857), he clearly departed from Hegel's view of history and approached Schleiermacher and Kant. He later expanded his research to the history of doctrine and dogmatics, and established himself as a leading figure with his major work The Christian Doctrine of Justification and Reconciliation (1870-1874), which produced many leaders in the late 19th century from the Ritschl School that gathered around him. In the last decade of his life he devoted himself to the critical study of German Pietism, and his History of Pietism ( Die Geschichte des Pietismus), in three volumes (1880-1886), remains a classic work today. His academic style inherited the intentions of Schleiermacher and attempted to supplement it with Hegel's historical research without dialectics and Kant's ethical value judgments. Although Ritschl himself rejected it, his ideological tendency was called liberal theology and became the mainstream of American theology in the 20th century. His main ideas liken Christianity to an ellipse with two foci, attempted to synthesize salvation by Jesus of Nazareth and the practice of pursuing the Kingdom of God, the historical facts and teleological actions of religious experience, and religious salvation and ethical practice, and emphasized human value as spiritual strength. He died in Göttingen on March 20, 1889. [Yuzaburo Morita January 19, 2018] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
19世紀後半におけるドイツのプロテスタント神学の第一人者。3月25日ベルリンに生まれる。1852年ボン大学教授、1864年以後ゲッティンゲン大学教授。彼は初めバウルのチュービンゲン学派に属して、『新約聖書』の研究と教父研究に傾注し、大著『古カトリック教会の成立』Die Entstehung der altkatholischen Kirche(1850)によって注目された。しかし改訂再版(1857)では明瞭(めいりょう)にヘーゲルの歴史観から離れ、シュライエルマハーとカントに接近した。その後、教理史と教義学にまで研究を拡張し、主著『義認と和解のキリスト教的教理』全3巻(1870~1874)によって第一人者の地歩を得、その周辺に集まったリッチュル学派から19世紀末の指導者たちを輩出した。最後の10年はドイツ敬虔(けいけん)主義の批判的研究に専心し、その『敬虔主義の歴史』Die Geschichte des Pietismus全3巻(1880~1886)は今日でも古典的な書物である。 その学風は、シュライエルマハーの意図を継承して、ヘーゲルの弁証法抜きの歴史研究と、カントの倫理的価値判断とをもって補強を試みる。リッチュル自身は拒否したにもかかわらず、その思想傾向は自由主義神学とよばれ、20世紀にはアメリカ神学の主流をなした。その主要思想は、キリスト教を二つの焦点をもつ楕円(だえん)になぞらえ、ナザレのイエスによる救いと神の国追求の実践、宗教的体験の歴史的事実と目的論的行為、宗教的救済と倫理的実践の総合を試み、精神力たる人間価値を強調する。1889年3月20日ゲッティンゲンにて没。 [森田雄三郎 2018年1月19日] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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