The proper name of the beta star in Orion. It comes from the Arabic phrase "Rijl Jauzah al Yusra, the left foot of the giant." At the time, it was called the "left foot" because it depicted the constellation as seen from the outside of the celestial sphere, but in the actual night sky, it is the right foot of Orion. It shines pale blue with an apparent magnitude of 0.12. Although it is a beta star, it is slightly brighter than the alpha star Betelgeuse. In ancient Japan, it was called Genji Star (by contrast, Betelgeuse, which shines red to the upper left of the three stars, was called Heike Star). It is a supergiant star of spectral type B8, with a surface temperature of about 13,000 K. Its mass is estimated to be several tens of times that of the sun, and its radius about 100 times. Its position on the celestial sphere is at right ascension 5:15, declination -8 degrees 12 minutes, and a distance of 700 light years at the 2000th equinox. Spectroscopic examination reveals that the shape of absorption lines (mainly hydrogen Balmer lines) changes over time, and that emission lines are occasionally visible. This indicates that the outer atmosphere is being expelled at speeds of over 100 kilometers per second. Rigel is also a visual binary star with a faint companion star of magnitude 8, which slowly rotates around it. This companion star is itself a spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 9.86 days, and both stars are considered to be main sequence stars of spectral type B5. Thus, although Rigel is a triplet, it is receding from the Solar System at a rate of 21 kilometers per second. [Masatoshi Kitamura and Akira Okazaki] [Reference] |A blue supergiant in the constellation Orion. It was also called "Genji Star" in the past. It is also a visible binary star. Photo courtesy of Nayoro City Astronomical Observatory . Beta Orion (Rigel) ©Akira Fujii "> Orion Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オリオン座のβ(ベータ)星の固有名。アラビア語の「巨人の左足 Rijl Jauzah al Yusra」の「足 Rijl」から来ている。当時は天球の外側から見た星座の姿を描いたので「左足」とされたが、実際に夜空に見えるオリオン座では右足にあたる。実視等級0.12等で青白く輝く。β星であるが、α(アルファ)星のベテルギウスよりも少し明るい。日本では古くは源氏星とよばれた(これに対し、三つ星を挟んで左上に赤く輝くベテルギウスは平家星とよばれた)。スペクトル型B8の超巨星で、表面温度は約1万3000K。質量は太陽の数十倍、半径は100倍程度と推定されている。天球上の位置は、2000年分点の座標で、赤経5時15分、赤緯マイナス8度12分で、距離は700光年。スペクトルを調べると、吸収線(主として水素バルマー線)の形が時間的に変化し、ときどき輝線が見える。これから、外層大気が秒速100キロメートル以上にも及ぶ速度で外部へ放出されていることがわかる。リゲルは光度8等の暗い伴星がゆっくり回っている実視連星でもある。この伴星自体がまた、9.86日の公転周期をもつ分光連星であり、両星ともスペクトル型B5の主系列星と考えられている。このように、リゲルは三重連星であるが、全体として毎秒21キロメートルで太陽系から後退している。 [北村正利・岡崎 彰] [参照項目] |オリオン座にある青色超巨星。古くは「源氏星」ともよばれた。実視連星でもある写真提供/なよろ市立天文台"> オリオン座β星(リゲル) ©藤井 旭"> オリオン座 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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