Russian philosopher and literary critic. His real name was Lev Isakovich Shevartsman. Born into a wealthy Jewish merchant family in Kiev, he studied law in Kiev, Moscow, and Berlin. After the revolution, he went into exile and lived in Berlin and Paris. His 1898 book Shakespeare and His Critic Brandes attracted attention for its bold dogmatism. In his books Dostoevsky and Nietzsche (The Philosophy of Tragedy) (1903), Chekhov's Creation from Nothing (1908), and other essays on writers and philosophers, he opposed all rationalism, proclaimed that truth transcends reason, and developed a philosophy of despair that was similar to existentialism. These works were in line with the anti-realism trend that had been growing in Russia since the 1890s, and were loved by the Symbolists. He continued to write after his exile, and was welcomed as a philosophy of anxiety in the world after World War I. In Japan, it began with The Philosophy of Tragedy, published in 1934 (Showa 9), and became extremely popular among intellectuals for a time. Other works include The Good in the Doctrines of Tolstoy and Nietzsche (1900), Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy (1923), Parmenides in Shackles (1930), and Kierkegaard and Existential Philosophy (1936). [Yoko Sawazaki] "Creation from Nothingness and Two Other Stories" translated by Tetsutaro Kawakami (Kadokawa Bunko) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの哲学者、文芸評論家。本名レフ・イサコビッチ・シワルツマン。キエフのユダヤ系豪商の家に生まれ、キエフ、モスクワ、ベルリンで法律学を修める。革命後亡命してベルリンとパリに住んだ。1898年に発表した『シェークスピアとその批評家ブランデス』は大胆な独断で注目を集め、『ドストエフスキーとニーチェ(悲劇の哲学)』(1903)、チェーホフ論『虚無よりの創造』(1908)、その他の作家論・哲学者論であらゆる合理主義に対立、真理は理性を超えるとし、実存主義に通ずる絶望の哲学を展開した。これらは1890年代以降ロシアで高まってきた反写実主義の傾向に合致し、象徴派によって愛読された。亡命後も書き続け、第一次世界大戦後の世界に不安の哲学として迎えられた。日本では1934年(昭和9)に刊行された『悲劇の哲学』が発端となり、知識人の間に一時激しい流行をみた。ほかに『トルストイとニーチェの教義における善』(1900)、『ドストエフスキーとトルストイ』(1923)、『手かせをはめられたパルメニデス』(1930)、『キルケゴールと実存哲学』(1936)などがある。 [沢崎洋子] 『河上徹太郎訳『虚無よりの創造 他二篇』(角川文庫)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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