A general term for enzymes that catalyze the reaction of joining two molecules using the energy released by hydrolysis of high-energy bonds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They are also called synthetases or synthetases. They belong to the sixth group in the enzyme classification. The bonds that are formed as a result of this reaction include C-O bonds (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases), C-S bonds (acetyl-coenzyme A synthetases, etc.), C-N bonds (glutamine synthetases, etc.), and C-C bonds (pyruvate carboxylase, etc.), and are further classified according to the type of bond. In the systematic name, amino acid:t-RNA ligase (AMP) is used, where the substances to be joined are connected with a colon (:), followed by the word ligase, and the decomposition products of nucleoside triphosphates (ADP: adenosine diphosphate, AMP: adenosine monophosphate, etc.) are added in parentheses. Ligases play important roles in the synthesis of biological components such as amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids, as well as in the activation of amino acids in the initial stage of protein synthesis and the biosynthesis of nucleic acid bases. [Kenichi Kasai] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アデノシン三リン酸(ATP)などの高エネルギー結合の加水分解により遊離されたエネルギーを利用して2個の分子を結合させる反応を触媒する酵素の総称で、合成酵素またはシンテターゼsynthetaseともいう。酵素分類では6群に属する。この反応の結果として生成する結合には、C‐O結合(アミノアシル転移RNA合成酵素)、C‐S結合(アセチル補酵素A合成酵素など)、C‐N結合(グルタミン合成酵素など)、C‐C結合(ピルビン酸カルボキシル化酵素など)などがあり、この結合の種類によっても細分されている。系統名としてはamino acid : t-RNA ligase (AMP)というように、結合する物質をコロン(:)で結び、その後にリガーゼとつけ、ヌクレオシド三リン酸の分解物(ADP:アデノシン二リン酸やAMP:アデノシン一リン酸など)を括弧(かっこ)に入れて付記する。 リガーゼは、アミノ酸、ヌクレオチド、脂肪酸などの生体構成成分の合成をはじめ、タンパク質合成の初段階におけるアミノ酸の活性化、核酸塩基の生合成などに重要な役割を果たしている。 [笠井献一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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