Physical therapy - りぐく楽ょう方 (English spelling) physical therapy

Japanese: 理学療法 - りがくりょうほう(英語表記)physical therapy
Physical therapy - りぐく楽ょう方 (English spelling) physical therapy

In principle, it refers to therapy performed by a physical therapist. According to the "Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists Act," physical therapy is defined as the use of physical means such as therapeutic exercises, electrical stimulation, massage, heat, and other physical means to restore the basic movement abilities of physically disabled people. In the past, it was called physical therapy in Japan, which referred to therapy that focused on physical means and was abbreviated to physical therapy or physiotherapy. There was a vague distinction between physical therapy (physical therapy) for internal diseases and physiotherapy (physiotherapy) for orthopedic diseases, but now it is mainly used in the field of rehabilitation medicine, and physical therapy combines exercise therapy and physical therapy. The name of the medical department was recognized as physical medical department, but it was abolished based on the amendment of the Medical Care Act Enforcement Regulations in 1996, and "Rehabilitation Department" was recognized as a designated medical department.

Exercise therapy, an important element of physical therapy, includes everything from therapeutic exercises that help maintain and expand the range of joint motion and increase muscle strength to targeted exercises such as walking training, and a variety of exercise therapies are prescribed depending on the disability. In other words, it is performed to prevent and maintain the decline in motor function in patients with low-mobility disorders such as joint contractures and muscle atrophy caused by long-term bed rest, limb immobilization, and paralysis. Therefore, physical therapy, which uses physical methods in physical therapy, is often performed as an auxiliary means to exercise therapy.

[Takashi Nagai]

[Reference] | Physical Therapy | Physiotherapist | Rehabilitation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

原則として理学療法士によって行われる療法をいい、「理学療法士及び作業療法士法」によれば、理学療法とは、身体に障害のある者に対し、主としてその基本的動作能力の回復を図るため、治療体操などの運動を行わせたり、電気刺激、マッサージ、温熱その他の物理的手段を加えることをいう、と定義されている。かつて日本では物理療法とよばれ、物理的手段を用いることに重点を置いた療法をさし、物療とか理療と略称されていた。そして、内科的疾患に対して行う場合に物療(物理療法)といい、整形外科的疾患に対して行う場合には理療(理学療法)とよんで漠然と区別していたが、現在では主としてリハビリテーション医学の領域で用いられ、理学療法は運動療法と物理療法を併用するものとなり、診療科目名として理学診療科が認められていたが、1996年(平成8)の医療法施行細則の改正に基づいて廃止され、「リハビリテーション科」が標榜診療科として認められることになった。

 理学療法の重要な要素となる運動療法は、関節可動域の維持や拡大、筋力の増強に役だつ治療体操などから歩行訓練のような目的をもった運動まで含み、障害に応じて多目的の運動療法が処方される。すなわち、長期臥床(がしょう)や四肢の固定、麻痺(まひ)などによって引き起こされる関節拘縮や筋萎縮(いしゅく)などの低運動疾患に対し、運動機能低下の予防および機能維持のために行われる。したがって、理学療法における物理的手段を用いる物理療法は、運動療法の補助手段として行われることが多い。

[永井 隆]

[参照項目] | 物理療法 | 理学療法士 | リハビリテーション

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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