Liège - Liege (English spelling)

Japanese: リエージュ - りえーじゅ(英語表記)Liège
Liège - Liege (English spelling)

The capital of the Liège province in eastern Belgium, an industrial city. It is the central city of the French-speaking (Walloon) region, which occupies the southern half of the country. Its Dutch name is Luik, and German name is Lüttich. Its population is 185,131 (2002). It is surrounded by hills, and is located at the confluence of the Ourthe and Meuse rivers, and has an important river port. Its industries include steel, zinc, aluminum, glass, cement, machinery, rubber, and food, centered around Cockrill. It grew on the basis of coal resources and steel production developed in the 14th century, and the development of arms manufacturing from the end of the 15th century, realizing the first industrial revolution in continental Europe, and developing into the largest heavy industrial region in Belgium and one of the leading heavy industrial regions in Western Europe. However, after the closure of the coal mines in the late 1960s, the industrial structure was forced to change, with coal miners changing jobs, increased added value from steel processing, and the expansion of the chemical industry, and economic redevelopment was promoted by promoting high-tech industries and introducing foreign capital.

Since the construction of a church in the 7th century, it has developed as a religious city, and as a market town due to its strategic location for land and sea transport. Until 1789, it was under the control of the Prince Eveque, then under French control from 1794 to 1815, and then under Dutch control until Belgian independence in 1830. During both the First and Second World Wars, it was on the path of German invasion, and was occupied after fierce fighting. Its attractions include the 16th century Prince Eveque's Palace, the Gothic Saint-Jacques Church, and the Museum of Walloon Life. The National University of Liège, founded in 1817, was relocated to Saar-Tillemins in the southern suburbs of the city, with the exception of a small part, over a period of about 40 years, which was completed in the 1980s.

The province of Liège has an area of ​​3,862 square kilometres and a population of 1,024,130 (2002). It spreads from the northeastern Ardennes plateau to the Meuse River valley and the hills on both sides of it. Part of the eastern side bordering Germany includes German-speaking territory that was ceded by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. The Meuse valley is a region of heavy chemical industry. The northern hilly area is an agricultural region producing wheat, sugar beets and other crops. The southeastern region is a region for fruit growing and dairy farming.

[Tamiko Kawakami]

[References] | Meuse River | Walloon

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ベルギー東部、リエージュ州の州都で、工業都市。同国南半分を占めるフランス語圏(ワロン人地域)の中心都市。オランダ語名ロイクLuik、ドイツ語名リューティッヒLüttich。人口18万5131(2002)。丘陵に囲まれ、ウルト川とムーズ川(マース川)の合流点に位置し、重要な河港を有する。コックリル社を中心とする鉄鋼、亜鉛、アルミニウム、ガラス、セメント、機械、ゴム、食品などの工業が盛んである。14世紀から開発された石炭資源と製鉄、15世紀末からの武器製造業の発達を基礎として成長、ヨーロッパ大陸で最初の産業革命を実現し、同国最大、西ヨーロッパ有数の重工業地域に発展した。しかし1960年代後半の炭鉱の閉鎖後、炭坑労働者の転職、鉄鋼の加工による付加価値の増大、化学工業の拡大など産業構造の転換を迫られ、ハイテク産業の振興、外資導入などによる経済再開発が進められた。

 7世紀の教会建設から宗教都市として、また水陸の交通要地であるため市場町としても発展した。1789年までリエージュ司教公(プランス・エベック)領、1794~1815年フランス領、ついで1830年のベルギー独立まではオランダ領であった。第一次、第二次両世界大戦中はドイツ軍侵攻の通路にあたり、激戦ののち占領された。16世紀の司教公宮殿、ゴシック様式のサン・ジャック教会、ワロン生活博物館などがある。1817年創立の国立リエージュ大学は一部を除き、市南郊のサールティルマンへ約40年をかけ1980年代に移転を完了させた。

 リエージュ州は面積3862平方キロメートル、人口102万4130(2002)。アルデンヌ高原北東部からムーズ川の河谷とその両側の丘陵上に広がる。ドイツ国境に接する東側の一部に、1919年ベルサイユ条約で割譲されたドイツ語地域を含む。ムーズ河谷は重化学工業地域。北部丘陵地域は小麦、テンサイ(サトウダイコン)などの農業地域。南東部は果樹・酪農地域である。

[川上多美子]

[参照項目] | マース川 | ワロン人

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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