…In the second half of the 19th century, many logical defects were pointed out in Euclid's Stoicheia, which had been considered a complete logical system for many years. For example, M. Pasch (1843-1930) discovered that the postulate that "if a line enters a triangle, it will exit again" was necessary. For this reason, research was carried out to supplement Euclid's postulates and provide a logically complete axiom system for Euclidean geometry, and D. Hilbert's book "Foundations of Geometry" (1899, 1st edition)… From [Foundations of Geometry]...For example, it was pointed out that the order of points on a line, i.e., the concept of "being between," and the possibility of movement of figures were implicitly assumed and smuggled into the proofs as intuitively self-evident. Then, in the second half of the 19th century, M. Pasch (1843-1930) and others carried out research to correct Euclidean deficiencies. After these pioneering studies, Hilbert finally provided a complete system of axioms for Euclidean geometry, which was constructed in a perfect form as a pure logical system. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Pasch, M." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…19世紀後半には,また,長年にわたって完全な論理体系とみなされてきたユークリッドの《ストイケイア》にも多くの論理的欠陥があることが指摘された。例えば,パッシュM.Pasch(1843‐1930)は,〈一つの直線が三角形の内部に入っていけば,それは再び外へ出る〉という公準が必要であることを発見した。このため,ユークリッドの公準を補ってユークリッド幾何学の論理的に完全な公理系を与える研究が行われ,D.ヒルベルトの著書《幾何学の基礎》(1899,1版。… 【幾何学基礎論】より…例えば,そこでは直線上の点の順序,すなわち“間にある”という概念や,図形の運動可能性などが暗々裏に仮定され,直観的に自明なこととして証明の中に密輸入されていることが指摘された。そして19世紀後半にはユークリッドの欠陥を補う研究がパッシュM.Pasch(1843‐1930)らによって行われた。これらの先駆的研究の後,ついにヒルベルトによって,ユークリッド幾何学の完全な公理系system of axiomsが与えられ,それが純粋な論理体系として完ぺきな形で構成されたのである。… ※「Pasch,M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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