Solubility product

Japanese: 溶解度積 - ようかいどせき(英語表記)solubility product
Solubility product

This refers to the concentration product of cations and anions in a saturated solution of a sparingly soluble salt (analytical concentration product). This value is a condition constant determined by temperature, and in A m X n type salts, it is in the form of [A] m [X] n . It can also be considered as an instability constant with the activity of the solid phase set to 1. It is an important index for determining the conditions for ion precipitation.

The solubility product is the product of analytical concentrations, so it is only significant in the case of poorly soluble salts. If the product of concentrations is greater than the solubility product, a precipitate will form and the concentration will decrease. The solubility product of sulfides, which is often used in qualitative analysis, is 10 -22 mol/l, considering the acid dissociation constant, for the concentration of sulfide ions in 0.3M hydrochloric acid-acidified hydrogen sulfide water (approximately 0.3 mol/L). It can be seen that iron (divalent) ions will not precipitate (the solubility product will not be exceeded) unless there is at least 1 mol, but copper and mercury will precipitate almost quantitatively.

[Yamazaki Akira]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

難溶性の塩の飽和溶液における陽イオンと陰イオンの濃度積(分析濃度積)をいう。この値は温度によって定まる条件定数であり、AmXn型の塩においては、[A]m[X]nの形である。固相の活量を1と置いた不安定度定数とみなすこともできる。イオンの沈殿条件を定めるのには重要な指標である。

 溶解度積は分析濃度の積であるから、難溶性塩の場合にのみ大きな意義をもつ。もし濃度の積が溶解度積よりも大となれば、沈殿が生成して濃度は低下する。定性分析でよく用いられる硫化物の溶解度積も、0.3モル塩酸酸性の硫化水素水(ほぼ0.3モル/リットル)中の硫化物イオンの濃度は、酸解離定数から考えると10-22mol/lとなり、鉄(二価)イオンは1モル以上ないと沈殿が生じない(溶解度積を超えない)が、銅や水銀はほぼ定量的に沈殿してしまうことがわかる。

[山崎 昶]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Heat of solution

>>:  Solubility - yokaido (English spelling) solubility

Recommend

Ouu Land Survey - Ouu Land Survey

…Hideyoshi's attitude towards land surveys wa...

Misako Oguri - Oguri Misako

Year of death: Tenwa 1.6.22 (1681.8.5) Year of bir...

Penny Black

…Hill believed that postal rates should be as che...

Kisitsu Shushi

Years of birth: Years of birth and death unknown. ...

Meteorite - Inseki (English spelling) meteorite

A general term for solid planetary material that ...

Woolco

…Then, like SS Kresge, which created the discount...

Morazán, Francisco

Born: October 16, 1799 in Tegucigalpa [Died] Septe...

Secret Observations - Kenchu ​​Mikkan

A commentary on over 400 poems from the Kokinshu, ...

Black Bass - Large-mouth Bass

A freshwater fish belonging to the order Percifor...

Hershey, AD (English spelling)

...Since the 1940s, virology has developed, and i...

Rosenbusch, H.

… Historically, rock descriptions began to be wid...

Royal Horse

〘Noun〙 ("O" is a prefix) The name of a t...

Sandfeld, K.

...In terms of spiritual life, in addition to the...

lipstick vine

…A revolutionary party in Russia in the 20th cent...

Asōpos (English spelling)

…After his death, he was cast into hell and order...