This refers to the concentration product of cations and anions in a saturated solution of a sparingly soluble salt (analytical concentration product). This value is a condition constant determined by temperature, and in A m X n type salts, it is in the form of [A] m [X] n . It can also be considered as an instability constant with the activity of the solid phase set to 1. It is an important index for determining the conditions for ion precipitation. The solubility product is the product of analytical concentrations, so it is only significant in the case of poorly soluble salts. If the product of concentrations is greater than the solubility product, a precipitate will form and the concentration will decrease. The solubility product of sulfides, which is often used in qualitative analysis, is 10 -22 mol/l, considering the acid dissociation constant, for the concentration of sulfide ions in 0.3M hydrochloric acid-acidified hydrogen sulfide water (approximately 0.3 mol/L). It can be seen that iron (divalent) ions will not precipitate (the solubility product will not be exceeded) unless there is at least 1 mol, but copper and mercury will precipitate almost quantitatively. [Yamazaki Akira] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
難溶性の塩の飽和溶液における陽イオンと陰イオンの濃度積(分析濃度積)をいう。この値は温度によって定まる条件定数であり、AmXn型の塩においては、[A]m[X]nの形である。固相の活量を1と置いた不安定度定数とみなすこともできる。イオンの沈殿条件を定めるのには重要な指標である。 溶解度積は分析濃度の積であるから、難溶性塩の場合にのみ大きな意義をもつ。もし濃度の積が溶解度積よりも大となれば、沈殿が生成して濃度は低下する。定性分析でよく用いられる硫化物の溶解度積も、0.3モル塩酸酸性の硫化水素水(ほぼ0.3モル/リットル)中の硫化物イオンの濃度は、酸解離定数から考えると10-22mol/lとなり、鉄(二価)イオンは1モル以上ないと沈殿が生じない(溶解度積を超えない)が、銅や水銀はほぼ定量的に沈殿してしまうことがわかる。 [山崎 昶] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Solubility - yokaido (English spelling) solubility
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