Subrogation - Butsujoudaii

Japanese: 物上代位 - ぶつじょうだいい
Subrogation - Butsujoudaii

When the owner of a secured property receives money or other items due to the sale, lease, loss, or damage of the secured property, the secured property exercises the right to receive priority payment over those items. For example, when the secured property is sold, the secured property can exercise the right to receive priority payment over the purchase price. However, in order to do so, the secured property must seize the right to claim the purchase price before payment is made. Similarly, when the secured property is lost due to the tort of another person, the secured property can be subrogated to the right to claim damages. Liens, pledges, and mortgages have this effect (Civil Code Articles 304, 350, and 372). The reason these secured property rights have this effect is because they do not have the object itself as their object, but rather grasp its exchange value. In other words, even if the object is lost, if something that represents its exchange value remains, the secured property will continue to exist over it. For example, even if a building on which a mortgage has been established is burned down, if the mortgagor (owner of the building) has a right to claim fire insurance, the mortgagee can exercise that right. Therefore, subrogation is not recognized for secured interests that do not aim to grasp exchange value, that is, for rights of retention that encourage the repayment of debts by retaining the subject matter.

[Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa]

[Reference] | Collateral

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

担保物権の目的物が売却・賃貸・滅失・損傷されたことにより、その所有者が金銭その他の物を受ける場合に、担保権者がそれらの物のうえに優先弁済を受ける権利を行使すること。たとえば、担保の目的物が売却された場合に、担保権者は優先弁済を受ける権利を売買代金に対して行使することができる。しかし、そのためには担保権者は、支払いがなされる前に、売買代金請求権を差し押さえなければならない。同様に、担保の目的物が他人の不法行為で滅失した場合には、損害賠償請求権に物上代位することができる。先取特権・質権・抵当権はこの効力をもつ(民法304条・350条・372条)。これらの担保物権にこのような効力が認められるのは、これらの担保物権が目的物それ自体を目的とするのではなく、その交換価値を把握するものだからである。すなわち、仮に目的物が滅失したとしても、その交換価値を表すものが残っている場合には、そのうえに担保物権は存続する。たとえば、抵当権の設定された建物が焼失したとしても、抵当権設定者(建物の所有者)が火災保険金請求権を有する場合には、抵当権者は、その火災保険金請求権を行使することができる。したがって、交換価値の把握を目的としない担保物権、すなわち目的物を留置することによって債務の弁済を促す留置権には物上代位性は認められない。

[高橋康之・野澤正充]

[参照項目] | 担保

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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