1881‐1955 British social anthropologist. He played a leading role in the founding and establishment of British social anthropology from the 1920s onwards. He organized and developed theories to make social anthropology an academic field with the rigour of natural science. Although he took a different academic stance from Malinowski, who lived at the same time, both are considered to be the fathers of modern British social anthropology. Born in Birmingham and educated at Cambridge University, he was a student of Rivers and conducted research on the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean (1906-08) and the Aborigines of Australia (1910-12). In the course of his research, around 1910 he broke away from the ethnology that Rivers and others had been pursuing, particularly its diffusionist aspects and historical reconstruction methods, and adopted the methods of French sociology by Durkheim, aiming to establish a sociological anthropology that would enable comparisons between societies. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1881‐1955 イギリスの社会人類学者。1920年代以降のイギリス社会人類学の創設,確立期に指導的な位置にあった。社会人類学を,自然科学の持つ厳密性を備えた学問とするべく,理論的な整理と展開を行った。同時期のマリノフスキーとは学問的立場は異にしながらも,ともに現在の英国社会人類学の祖と考えられている。バーミンガムに生まれ,ケンブリッジ大学に学んだ彼は,リバーズの弟子として,インド洋のアンダマン諸島(1906‐08),オーストラリアのアボリジニー(1910‐12)の調査を行い,それらの研究を進める中で,1910年ころからそれまでのリバーズたちの進めてきた民族学,とくに伝播主義的側面および歴史再構成的方法と決別し,フランス社会学のデュルケームの方法を取り入れ,諸社会間の比較を可能にする〈社会学〉的な人類学の確立を目ざした。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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