Laspeyres index - Laspeyres index

Japanese: ラスパイレス指数 - らすぱいれすしすう(英語表記)Laspeyres index
Laspeyres index - Laspeyres index

An index calculated based on a proposal by German economist Étienne Laspeyres (1834-1913). The formula was proposed in 1864, and after a number of debates, it was established in 1871. When calculating the index, the purchase ratio (weight) at the base time (the point in time used as the basis for comparison) is used.

An example of creating a price index for n types of goods (products) based on the Laspeyres formula can be explained as follows. Let the price of good i at the base time be p 0 i , the price at the comparison time (time t ) be p ti , and the purchase amount of that good at the base time be q 0 i . The Laspeyres price index P L ( t ) at time t is calculated using the following formula.


Additionally, if the purchase amount of good i at the base time is w 0 i = p 0 i q 0 i , then the Laspeyres price index P L ( t ) at time t can also be expressed by the following equation, which shows that the price of each good is weighted averaged by the weights at the base time.


While the Laspeyres index is easy to calculate, it has the disadvantage that it does not reflect changes in the economic structure because the weights are fixed at the base period.

The Laspeyres index used to compare national and local government employee salaries is different from the one mentioned above. Specifically, the salary levels of local government employees in each municipality are indexed with the salary of national government employees set at 100, adjusting for differences in age structure, etc.

[Nobuo Iizuka February 18, 2019]

[Reference item] | Index | Price index

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの経済学者ラスパイレスÉtienne Laspeyres(1834―1913)の提案に基づいて算出される指数。その算式は1864年に提案され、数々の論争を経て1871年に確立された。指数を算出する際に、基準時(比較の基準となる時点)の購入割合(ウェイト)を用いる。

 n種の財(商品)についての価格指数をラスパイレス算式に基づいて作成する場合を例にして説明すると下記のとおりとなる。財iの基準時の価格をp0i、比較時(t時点)の価格をptiとし、その財の基準時の購入量をq0iとする。t時点のラスパイレスの価格指数PL(t)は次の式で算出される。


 また、財iの基準時の購入金額をw0ip0iq0iとすると、t時点のラスパイレスの価格指数PL(t)は以下の式でも表現でき、各財の価格を基準時のウェイトで加重平均していることが示される。


 ラスパイレス指数は指数の算出が容易である一方、ウェイトを基準時で固定しているため、経済構造の変化を反映したものにならないという欠点がある。

 なお、国家公務員給与と地方公務員給与の比較に用いられるラスパイレス指数は、前記のものとは異なる。具体的には、各自治体の地方公務員の給与水準を、年齢構成の差などを調整して国家公務員給与を100として指数化している。

[飯塚信夫 2019年2月18日]

[参照項目] | 指数 | 物価指数

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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