Bach

Japanese: バッハ
Bach
German composer. Known as "Bach the Great," he was the greatest member of the Bach family, which had produced many musicians since the 16th century. He was born in Eisenach. His father was J. Ambrosius Bach (1645-1695), a town musician and court musician. He lost his parents at the age of nine, and in 1695, he was taken in by his eldest brother, who was an organist in Ohrdruf, and studied at the gymnasium. He then studied at the church school in Lüneburg, where he was greatly influenced by the local organist G. Böhm. After working in the Weimar court orchestra, he became a church organist in Arnstadt in 1703 and in Mühlhausen in 1707. He married his cousin Maria Barbara in 1707. In 1708, he became a court musician and organist in Weimar and was active. He traveled widely, became friends with the composer JG Walter, and wrote many organ pieces and cantatas. In 1717, he became the Kapellmeister at the court of Köthen and was treated well by Duke Leopold. In 1720, his wife died of illness, and the following year he remarried soprano Anna Magdalena. During his time in Köthen, he composed many masterpieces of instrumental music, including Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin, Cello Suites, Brandenburg Concertos, Book 1 of the Well-Tempered Clavier, and French Suite. In 1723, he succeeded Kuhnau as cantor of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig and music director of the city. He composed religious music such as the St. John Passion (1724), the St. Matthew Passion (1729 or 1727), the Christmas Oratorio (1734), and about 180 of the approximately 200 extant cantatas, as well as the Goldberg Variations (around 1741) and the Musical Offering (1747). He wrote up to measure 239 of The Art of Fugue before going blind and dying of a stroke. He is said to be the greatest Baroque musician, who perfected counterpoint, created complete music incorporating French and Italian styles, and lived a Lutheran orthodox faith, but this evaluation came only after F. Mendelssohn and others revived the forgotten Bach after his death in the Romantic era. Bibliographical research has been active since World War II. The work is often referred to as BWV (Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, 1950), named by German musicologist W. Schmieder (1901-1990). Four of Bach's sons, the eldest son Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, the second son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach (1732-1795), the son of his second wife Anna Magdalena, were famous as musicians. →Original instruments/Casals/Schütz/Telemann/Vivaldi/Well-Tempered Clavier→Related topicsAria|Honegger|Oratorio|Christian music|Gounod|Coupin|Gould|Early music|Chaconne|Passion|Sonata|Tarrega|Cello|Toccata|Trumpet|Passacaglia|Pachelbel|Villa-Lobos|Bylsma|Buxtehude|Petit|Brahms|Franck|Frescobaldi|Béjart|Beethoven|Variations|Polyphony|Reich|Leipzig|Rameau|Ricercare|Richter|Leonhardt|Walcha

Bach

German composer and clavier. Born in Weimar as the second son of JS Bach. Known as the "Berlin Bach" and "Hamburg Bach." From 1738 to 1767, he was active in Berlin as a member of Frederick II (the Great)'s orchestra. During that time, he published the clavier textbook "Treatise on Proper Clavierplay" (1753, 1762), and established his reputation as a performer. In 1767, when his godfather Telemann passed away, he became the music director of the city of Hamburg as his successor. He held that position for the rest of his life, composing church music as well as symphonies and chamber music for public concerts for citizens. Among his many works, his 200 solo clavier pieces are known as a typical example of the "sensible style" that contained the seeds of later romantic music. He occupied the most important position in music history among the children of JS Bach, and had a significant influence on FJ Haydn and Beethoven. →Sonata→Related items Clavichord|Beethoven

Bach

German composer. The youngest child of JS Bach and his second wife Anna Magdalena. Known as the "Milan Bach" and the "London Bach." Born in Leipzig, he lost his father at the age of 15. He lived in Italy from 1754, and was the only member of the Bach family to convert to Catholicism. After working as an organist at Milan Cathedral, he moved to London in 1762 and made a name for himself as an opera composer. His works include operas, oratorios, cantatas and other sacred music, as well as symphonies, concertos and numerous clavier sonatas. He had a great influence on the eight-year-old Mozart, who visited London in 1764.

Bach

German composer and organist. Born in Weimar as the eldest son of JS Bach. He learned organ and composition from his father, and wrote the first volume of The Well-Tempered Clavier and Inventions mainly for his education. He worked as an organist in Dresden and Halle. He showed the greatest talent among JS Bach's children, but his unstable personality caused him to quit his position at Halle, and he died in poverty without a permanent job. His compositions include cantatas, symphonies, organ pieces, and clavier pieces.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
ドイツの作曲家。16世紀以来多くの音楽家を輩出したバッハ一族最大の存在で,〈大バッハ〉の名で呼ばれる。アイゼナハ生れ。父は町楽師兼宮廷音楽家J.アンブロジウス・バッハ〔1645-1695〕。9歳のとき両親と死別し,1695年オールドルフでオルガン奏者を務める長兄に引き取られギムナジウムで学ぶ。次いでリューネブルクの教会付属学校に学び,同地のオルガン奏者G.ベームに大きな影響を受けた。ワイマールの宮廷楽団で働いたのち,1703年アルンシュタット,1707年ミュールハウゼンの教会オルガン奏者となる。従妹にあたるマリア・バルバラと1707年に結婚。1708年ワイマール宮廷楽師兼オルガン奏者となって活躍。各地を旅し,作曲家J.G.ワルターと親交を結び,多くのオルガン曲やカンタータを書く。1717年ケーテン宮廷楽長となりレオポルト公の厚遇を受ける。1720年妻が病死し,翌年ソプラノ歌手アンナ・マグダレーナと再婚。ケーテン時代には《無伴奏バイオリンのためのソナタとパルティータ》《無伴奏チェロ組曲》《ブランデンブルク協奏曲》《平均律クラビーア曲集》第1巻,《フランス組曲》など器楽曲の傑作が数多く誕生した。1723年,クーナウの後任としてライプチヒ聖トマス教会カントルおよび市の音楽監督に就任。《ヨハネ受難曲》(1724年),《マタイ受難曲》(1729年または1727年),《クリスマス・オラトリオ》(1734年),現存するカンタータ約200曲のうちの約180曲などの宗教音楽や,《ゴルトベルク変奏曲》(1741年ころ),《音楽の捧げもの》(1747年)などを作曲。《フーガの技法》の第239小節までを書いて失明し,卒中の発作のため世を去った。対位法をきわめつくし,フランス,イタリアの様式も包括しながら完成された音楽を作り,また,ルター正統派の信仰に生きたバロック最大の音楽家といわれるが,このような評価は,ロマン派の時代になってF.メンデルスゾーンらが死後忘れられていたバッハを復活させて以後のものである。第2次大戦後は書誌学的研究が盛ん。なお,作品はドイツの音楽学者W.シュミーダー〔1901-1990〕のBWV(バッハ作品目録番号Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis,1950年)で呼ばれることが多い。長男ウィルヘルム・フリーデマン・バッハ,次男カール・フィリップ・エマヌエル・バッハ,そして2度目の妻アンナ・マグダレーナの子ヨハン・クリストフ・フリードリヒ・バッハ〔1732-1795〕,ヨハン・クリスティアン・バッハの4人の息子が音楽家として著名。→オリジナル楽器/カザルス/シュッツ/テレマン/ビバルディ/平均律
→関連項目アリア|オネゲル|オラトリオ|キリスト教音楽|グノー|クープラン|グールド|古楽|シャコンヌ|受難曲|ソナタ|タレガ|チェロ|トッカータ|トランペット|パッサカリア|パッヘルベル|ビラ・ロボス|ビルスマ|ブクステフーデ|プティ|ブラームス|フランク|フレスコバルディ|ベジャール|ベートーベン|変奏曲|ポリフォニー|ライヒ|ライプチヒ|ラモー|リチェルカーレ|リヒター|レオンハルト|ワルヒャ

バッハ

ドイツの作曲家,クラビーア奏者。J.S.バッハの次男としてワイマールに生まれる。〈ベルリンのバッハ〉〈ハンブルクのバッハ〉と呼ばれる。1738年−1767年フリードリヒ2世(大王)の楽団員としてベルリンで活躍。その間クラビーア教科書《正しいクラビーア奏法の試論》(1753年,1762年)を出版し,演奏家としての名声を確立した。1767年に名付親のテレマンが他界し,その後任としてハンブルク市の音楽監督に就任。以後終生その地位にあって,教会音楽のほか,市民のための公開演奏会用に交響曲,室内楽曲などの作曲を続けた。数多くの作品の中で,200曲にのぼるクラビーア独奏曲は,のちのロマン派音楽への萌芽(ほうが)を含んだ〈多感様式〉の典型例として知られる。J.S.バッハの子の中で音楽史上最も重要な位置を占め,F.J.ハイドンやベートーベンにも少なからぬ影響を与えた。→ソナタ
→関連項目クラビコード|ベートーベン

バッハ

ドイツの作曲家。J.S.バッハと2番目の妻アンナ・マグダレーナとの間の末子。〈ミラノのバッハ〉〈ロンドンのバッハ〉と呼ばれる。ライプチヒに生まれ,15歳で父を失う。1754年からイタリアに暮らし,のちバッハ一族で唯一カトリックに改宗。ミラノ大聖堂オルガン奏者を務めたのち1762年ロンドンに渡り,オペラ作曲家として名を成した。作品にはオペラ,オラトリオやカンタータなどの宗教音楽をはじめ,交響曲,協奏曲,数多くのクラビーア・ソナタなどがある。1764年にロンドンを訪れた8歳のモーツァルトに大きな影響を与えている。

バッハ

ドイツの作曲家,オルガン奏者。J.S.バッハの長男としてワイマールに生まれる。父からオルガン,作曲を学び,主にその教育用に《平均律クラビーア曲集》第1巻や《インベンション》などが書かれた。ドレスデン,ハレでオルガン奏者として活動。J.S.バッハの子の中で最も豊かな才能を示したが,不安定な性格が災いして,ハレの職を辞し,以後定職をもたず貧困のうちに没した。カンタータ,交響曲,オルガン曲,クラビーア曲などがある。

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