Raspail - François Vincent Raspail

French revolutionary, politician, and scientist. He began publishing books on philosophy and natural science in 1824, and participated in the street fighting of the July Revolution in 1830. He later joined revolutionary associations such as the Friends of the People and the Human Rights Association, and fought against the July Monarchy as a left-wing republican, receiving prison and exile. In 1834, he founded the newspaper "Réformateur" (Reformer), described the suffering of workers and advocated their relief, and gained popularity among the masses. He promoted the reform movement at the end of the July Monarchy, participated in the February Revolution of 1848, and proclaimed a republic at the Paris City Hall. He later founded the newspaper "L'Ami du Peuple" (Friend of the People). He formed the "Raspail Club" and confronted the moderate republican Second Republic, and participated in the socialist revolt of May 15, and was arrested along with Blanqui and Barbès. He was nominated as a revolutionary socialist candidate in the December presidential election of the Second Republic, but was defeated. He went into exile in Belgium the following year in 1849. He returned to the country in 1863 and was elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1869, but did not participate in the Paris Commune of 1871, which took place after the collapse of the Second Empire. In his later years, as a member of parliament, he worked hard to secure an amnesty for the Communards.

[Katsura Yoshio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの革命家、政治家、科学者。1824年から思想、自然科学関係の著書を発表、1830年七月革命の市街戦に参加。その後「人民の友社」「人権協会」などの革命結社に加盟、共和派左翼として七月王政と戦い、投獄、追放などの刑を受けた。1834年『レフォルマトゥール』（改革者）紙を創刊、労働者の苦痛を描き、その救済を主張、大衆の間に人気を博した。七月王政末期の改革運動を推進し、1848年の二月革命に参加、パリ市庁舎で共和制を宣言した。その後『ラミ・デュ・プープル』（人民の友）紙を創刊。「ラスパイユ・クラブ」を結成し、穏和共和派の第二共和政と対決、5月15日の社会主義者の反乱に加担、ブランキ、バルベスらとともに逮捕され、12月の第二共和国大統領選挙に革命的社会主義者の候補に推されたが、大敗した。翌1849年ベルギーに亡命。1863年に帰国、1869年には立法院議員に当選したが、第二帝政崩壊後に起こった1871年のパリ・コミューンには参加しなかった。晩年は国会議員としてコミューン派の大赦のために尽力した。

［桂　圭男］

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