Born: April 11, 1825 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) Died: August 31, 1864. Geneva. German socialist and labor movement leader. Son of a wealthy Jewish merchant, he studied law and philosophy at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, where he was influenced by Hegelian philosophy and came to know socialist ideas. He participated in the 1848 revolution in the Rhineland and was arrested. Around this time, he became acquainted with Marx. After that, he wrote books on philosophy and law, but around 1859 he resumed his political activities. He was involved in various political struggles in Prussia, including the constitutional struggle (1862-63), and led the socialist movement. In 1862, he published the Arbeiterprogramm, which advocated the "iron law of wages," and in 1863 he wrote the Open Reply. He organized the All-German Workers' Association, becoming its president, with the aim of organizing workers. This became one of the foundations of the current German Social Democratic Party. He aimed to realize socialism through the state, such as universal suffrage and the creation of productive cooperatives funded by the state treasury (incidentally, the "night watchman state" was an epithet he used to refer to liberal states). Although he was favorable towards Marx, such as financially supporting him, Marx and others were opposed to his political style and views on the state, which led to him holding secret meetings with Bismarck. In 1864, he died in a duel over a woman's issue. LaSalle |
[生]1825.4.11. ブレスラウ(現ポーランド,ウロツワフ) [没]1864.8.31. ジュネーブ ドイツの社会主義者,労働運動指導者。富裕なユダヤ商人の子で,ブレスラウ,ベルリン両大学で法律と哲学を学び,ヘーゲル哲学の影響を受け社会主義思想も知るようになる。 1848年の革命にライン地方で参加,逮捕される。このころマルクスと知合う。その後哲学や法学の著作にはしるが,59年ごろから政治的活動を再開。憲法闘争 (1862~63) をはじめプロシアのさまざまな政治闘争に関与,社会主義運動を指導した。 62年「賃金鉄則」を唱える『労働者綱領』 Arbeiterprogrammを発表,63年には『公開答状』を書き,労働者の組織化を目指し「全ドイツ労働者協会」を組織して会長となる。これは現在のドイツ社会民主党の母体の1つとなった。彼は普通選挙の実現と国庫による生産協同組合の実現という,国家を通しての社会主義化を目指した (ちなみに「夜警国家」とは自由主義国家に向けて彼が使った異称) 。彼自身はマルクスを財政的に支援するなど好意的であったが,マルクスらはビスマルクと密談を持つといった彼の政治スタイル,国家観に反発していた。 64年女性問題にからむ決闘により死亡。 ラサール
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