A region in southern Greece, southeastern Peloponnese, facing the Gulf of Laconia. It is also called Lakedaimon or Lakoniki. It is currently a prefecture, the area of which roughly corresponds to the area known in ancient times. The prefecture has an area of 3,636 square kilometers and a population of 101,100 (2003 estimate). The capital is Sparta. It borders Argos and Arcadia to the north, and the Taygetos Mountains form the border with Messenia to the west. Due to its mountainous area, the development of transportation networks and regional development has been delayed, and the mountainous areas are dotted with depopulated villages that still retain their traditional lifestyles. [Tomoko Mashita] historyDuring the Mycenaean period, the kingdom of Menelaus, sung by Homer, flourished. Later, Doric Sparta became the center, and by around 540 BC, it had come to dominate the entire region. The central area was citizen land, cultivated by helots (subordinate peasants). The peripheral areas, the perioikoi (free people, members of the Spartan state of inferior rank), had autonomy. They gained independence as "Free Laconia" during the time of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. From the 14th century onwards, the western city of Mystras was the center, but after Greece gained independence from Turkey in 1830, the new Sparta took over. [Masato Furuyama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ギリシア南部、ペロポネソス半島南東部、ラコニア湾に面する一地方。ラケダイモンLakedaimon、ラコニキLakonikiともいう。現在は一県をなし、その県域は古代に知られた地域とほぼ一致する。県は面積3636平方キロメートル、人口10万1100(2003推計)。県都スパルタ。 北はアルゴリスとアルカディアに接し、西はタイゲトス山脈がメッセニア地方との境をなす。山がちなため交通網の発達、地域開発が遅れ、山間部には伝統的な生活様式を保つ過疎の村が点在する。 [真下とも子] 歴史ミケーネ時代にはホメロスにうたわれたメネラオスの王国が栄えた。その後ドーリス系のスパルタが中心となり、紀元前540年ごろには全域を支配するに至った。中心部は市民の土地でヘイロタイ(隷属農民)が耕した。周辺部のペリオイコイ(劣格のスパルタ国家構成員で自由人)は自治を有した。彼らはローマ初代皇帝アウグストゥスの時代に「自由ラコニア」として独立した。14世紀以降は西部の都市ミストラが中心であったが、1830年のギリシアのトルコからの独立後は新生スパルタがとってかわった。 [古山正人] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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