(1) First League: An alliance formed by powerful German princes, both Catholic and New German, from 1658 to 1667 after the Thirty Years' War. Since France and Spain were still at war after the Peace of Westphalia, the alliance was formed to protect their own territories and enforce the peace. (2) Second League: An alliance of western German states organized by Napoleon I from 1806 to 1813. After defeating the combined forces of Austria, Russia, and Prussia in the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, Napoleon formed this alliance to create a force in Germany to counter Prussia and Austria, recognizing the national sovereignty of each state's sovereign and making himself their protector. As a result, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved. First Bavaria, Württemberg, and Baden were added, and then Westphalia was added after the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, and all states except Prussia and Austria joined. In addition, many small states and autonomous cities were annexed to the respective princes. The League's parliament was established in Frankfurt am Main, but it was never held. Napoleon held real power, and the League was ordered to provide him with a maximum of 63,000 troops. With the fall of Napoleon, the League was dissolved. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
(1) 第1次 三十年戦争終了後の 1658~67年ドイツの新・旧両教徒の有力諸侯が結んだ同盟。ウェストファリアの講和後,フランスとスペインはなお交戦中であったため,自己の領域を守り,同講和を執行するために結成された。 (2) 第2次 1806~13年ナポレオン1世によって組織されたドイツ西部諸邦の連合体。 05年アウステルリッツの戦いでオーストリア,ロシア,プロシアの連合軍に圧勝したナポレオンは,ドイツにプロシア,オーストリアに対抗する勢力をつくるため,この同盟を結成し,各邦君主の国家主権を認めつつみずからその保護者 (プロテクトール) に就任。この結果,神聖ローマ帝国は消滅した。最初バイエルン,ウュルテンベルク,バーデン,さらに 07年のティルジット条約後にウェストファリアを加え,プロシア,オーストリア以外の全領邦を参加させた。なおその際に多くの小領邦,自治都市をそれぞれの諸侯に併合させた。フランクフルトアムマインに同盟議会がおかれたが1度も開かれず,実権はナポレオンが握り,同盟は最大6万 3000の兵力を彼に供出することを定められた。ナポレオンの没落とともに解体。
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