Born September 4, 1908, near Natchez, Mississippi
[Died] November 28, 1960. Paris, France. American black writer. Born to a farmhand father and a teacher mother. He ran away from home at the age of 15 and changed jobs several times, but it was around this time that he came across Mencken's work and became interested in literature. He joined the Communist Party in 1932 and belonged to the John Reed Club. After moving to New York in 1937, he became a regular contributor to the left-wing magazine Masses. His first collection of short stories, Uncle Tom's Children (1938, expanded 1940), gained him recognition, and his next novel, Native Son (1940), about a black young murderer, established him as a leading black writer and led him to be seen as a leader in protest literature. He left the party in 1944 and moved to Paris in 1946, where he has since settled. He wrote works such as the autobiographical novel Black Boy (1945), The Outsider (1953), in which he attempted to reexamine his life after leaving the Communist Party, without being bound by ideological views, the essay Black Power (1954), White Man, Listen! (1957), and the novel The Long Dream (1958). Light
Wright, Frank Lloyd Born June 8, 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin.
Died April 9, 1959. Phoenix, Arizona. American architect. After studying at the University of Wisconsin, he went to Chicago in 1887 and worked under Louis Sullivan, a pioneer of modern architecture. He became independent in 1893 and was active in Chicago, becoming a leading figure in the American modern architecture movement. He designed many houses in the Chicago suburbs called prairie houses, which have gently sloping roofs, long overhanging eaves, and horizontal structures. He came to Japan in 1916 and designed the Imperial Hotel (new wing, 1920-23, part of which was moved to Meiji Mura after demolition), which is considered one of his masterpieces, and had a great influence on modern Japanese architecture. He advocated organic architecture and aimed for buildings that were in harmony with nature. He left behind a huge number of designs throughout his life, including masterpieces such as Fallingwater (1935-37), the Johnson Wax Building (1936-46), the home and architectural studio Taliesin (1911-59) and Taliesin West (1937-59), and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (1956-59. → Guggenheim Museum). In 2019, eight architectural works in the United States were registered as cultural heritage sites of the World Heritage Sites. (→ American Architecture) Light
Wright, Peter Born: November 25, 1926, London
[Died] April 27, 1995. Tasmania British dancer and choreographer. He studied under J. Bolkova and joined K. Jooss's ballet company in 1945. He danced at the Metropolitan Opera in 1947, and moved to Sadler's Wells Theatre Ballet (now Birmingham Royal Ballet) in 1949, where he was in charge of choreography and became ballet master. He was recognized for his work in Blue Rose in 1957 and The Great Peacock the following year, and as ballet master of the Stuttgart Ballet from 1961 to 1967, he contributed to the revival of classical works by directing new works such as Giselle and Namuna composed by E. Lalo. He was artistic director of the Royal Ballet from 1969 to 1977. He later held honorary positions at the company and school, while also becoming director of the Birmingham Royal Ballet. He was also involved in the production of dance programs for the BBC and taught at the University of Birmingham. Light
Wright, George Ernest Born: September 5, 1909.
[Died] August 29, 1974.
American Old Testament scholar. After serving as a Presbyterian minister, he was assistant professor of Old Testament theology and history at McCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago (1941), professor at the same university (45), and professor of divinity at Harvard University (58). He led the excavations of important Palestinian ruins such as Shechem and Gezer, and served as president of the American Near Eastern Society (66-74). He founded and edited the magazine The Biblical Archaeologist. His major works include God Who Acts (52), "The Old Testament against Its Environment" (50), "Biblical Doctrine of Man in Society" (54), and "Biblical Archaeology" (57). Light
Wright, Quincy Born December 28, 1890 in Medford, Massachusetts.
[Died] October 17, 1970, Charlottesville, Virginia. American scientist in international law and politics. Professor at the University of Chicago (1923-56), president of the American Political Science Association (49-51), first president of the World Political Science Association (55-56), and president of the American Association of International Law (55-56). He was one of the pioneers of peace studies, incorporating quantitative methods in the study of war and in establishing the conditions for peace, and sought to establish international relations as an interdisciplinary and systematic academic field. His main works are "A Study of War" (first edition, 1942, revised edition, 64) and "A Study of International Relations" (55). Light
Wright, Sewall Born December 21, 1889 in Melrose, Massachusetts
[Died] March 3, 1988. Madison, Wisconsin. American geneticist. One of the founders of population genetics. After studying at Harvard University, he worked for the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (1915-25), was a professor at the University of Chicago (26-54), and was a professor at the University of Wisconsin (55-60). He conducted genetic and biochemical research on the body color of guinea pigs. He also developed a mathematical theory to explain evolution based on Mendelian genetics. He proposed the theory that genetic drift is a factor in evolution. Light
Wright, Joseph Born: September 3, 1734, Derby
[Died] August 29, 1797. Derby. British painter. Known as "The Light of Derby". Studied under portrait painter T. Hudson in London from 1751 to 1753 and from 1756 to 1757. He then settled in Derby and worked as a portrait painter. He also produced many interior paintings depicting workplaces during the Industrial Revolution, as well as night landscapes. He was a unique painter who aimed for the effects of light and shadow. His major work is "Experiments on the Air-Pump" (1768, Tate Gallery, London). Light
Wright, Joseph Born July 16, 1756 in Bordentown, New Jersey, USA
[Died] 1793. New York, USA. American painter. In 1772, he went to London with his mother, a wax maker, and studied under B. West and J. Hoppner. In 1782, he visited Paris and then returned to the United States, where he became active as a portrait painter, painting many portraits of famous people and high-ranking officials. His major works include "Portrait of John Jay" (1786, New-York Historical Society), "Portrait of General Washington and His Wife," and "Portrait of Mr. Madison." Light
Wright, Judith (Arundell) Born: May 31, 1915, Armidale, New South Wales
[Died] June 25, 2000. Canberra. Australian female poet. Studied at the University of Sydney. In addition to her debut collection of poems, The Moving Image (1946), she compiled the collection of poems, The Oxford Book of Australian Verse (1954), and wrote autobiographical novels and critical essays. Collected Poems (1971). Light
Rheydt A district in the southern part of Mönchengladbach, about 25 km west of Düsseldorf in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. A town dating back to the 11th century, it received city rights in 1856. In 1972 it was an industrial town with a population of 101,900, but was later merged into Mönchengladbach. The textile and clothing industries, including cotton, silk, and wool, are thriving, as are machinery and electrical equipment industries. There is a Renaissance-style castle (1568-81, now a museum). Light
Wright, Silas Born May 24, 1795 in Amherst, Massachusetts.
[Died] August 27, 1847. Canton, New York. American lawyer and politician. Democrat with nationalist views. Senator from New York State from 1824 to 1827. Supported high tariff policies as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1827 to 1829. Supported M. Van Buren as a U.S. Senator from 1833 to 1844, during which time he opposed the Bank of the United States. Governor of New York State from 1845 to 1847. Light
Light, Francis Born: circa 1740, Suffolk
[Died] October 21, 1794. Penang Island British trader and founder of Penang. He traveled to India in 1765 and began to visit the west coast of the Malay Peninsula as a merchant ship captain, where he formed a friendship with the King of Kedah. Noting the military and economic importance of Penang Island, he had it ceded to Britain and was appointed its first governor. He died of an illness there. Light
Wright, Eda Hanna [Born] 1870
[Died] 1950
A British female social worker. She came to Japan in 1895 at the age of 25 and entered the Kaishun-en sanatorium in Kumamoto where she dedicated herself to the relief of leprosy (Hansen's disease). She sought refuge in Australia during World War II, but returned to Japan immediately after the war and lived with patients at the National Leprosy Sanatorium Kikuchi Keifu-en (Kumamoto Prefecture). She was loved and called the "Mother of Leprosy Relief." Light
Wright, Russell Born: 1904 in Lebanon, Ohio
[Died] 1976. American industrial designer. He dropped out of Princeton University, became a stage designer, and worked as an assistant to Norman Bel Geddes, but then became independent as an industrial designer. He designed rational and functional household items and advocated the simplification of modern life. Light
Wright, Thomas [Born] 1810
[Died] 1877
A British scholar of ancient texts, he studied at Cambridge University and published Early English Poetry (4 volumes, 1836) and many other research works. Light
Wright, John Michael Born: 1617, London
[Died] 1700. London. British painter. He studied under G. Jameson and was active as a portrait painter. He lived in Italy for a time and became a member of the Academy of St. Luke in Rome in 1648. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
