A wave in which the displacement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of the wave's propagation is called a transverse wave. The most typical example of a transverse wave is the wave that propagates along a taut, flexible string. Electromagnetic waves are also transverse waves. Electromagnetic waves in a vacuum are waves without a medium, and do not involve the displacement of a medium, but oscillatory changing electric and magnetic fields are both transverse waves in the sense that they are perpendicular to the direction of the wave's propagation. Elastic waves that travel through an elastic body can be either transverse or longitudinal. Seismic waves are elastic waves that travel through the earth's crust at high speeds. The first thing you feel as a rattle is the longitudinal P wave, while the first thing you feel as a tremor is the transverse S wave, which comes a little later. Water waves are not simple transverse waves, as each part of the water moves in a circular or elliptical motion within a vertical plane that includes the direction of the wave's travel. [Yoshiro Kainuma] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
媒質の変位が波の進行方向に垂直な波を横波という。ぴんと張った柔軟な弦を伝わる波は、もっとも典型的な横波である。電磁波も横波である。真空中の電磁波は媒質のない波で、媒質の変位を伴う波ではないが、振動的に変化する電場および磁場は、いずれも波の進行方向に垂直であるという意味で横波である。 弾性体内を伝わる弾性波には横波と縦波とがある。地震波は地殻を伝わる弾性波で、速度が大きく、最初にがたがたと感じるのが縦波のP波で、すこし遅れてゆさゆさと感じるのが横波のS波である。水の波は、水の各部分が波の進行方向を含む鉛直面内で円運動または楕円(だえん)運動をするので、単純な横波ではない。 [飼沼芳郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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