It is sometimes a general term for carbamic acid esters H 2 NCOOR and its N-substituted derivatives, and sometimes in the narrow sense, it refers to ethyl carbamate. Although free carbamic acid H 2 NCOOH does not exist, its esters exist as stable compounds. It is obtained by reacting alcohol or phenol with cyanogen chloride, carbamoyl chloride, or urea. It is a white crystalline substance that decomposes into alcohol, carbon dioxide, and ammonia under the action of alkali. Ethyl carbamate is also called ethyl urethane. It is a white columnar crystal. It is made by heating ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and urea, or by reacting diethyl carbonate or ethyl chlorocarbonate with ammonia. It is easily soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform, and soluble in ether. It has a hypnotic effect, but is highly addictive, so it is no longer used as a hypnotic drug. It has the effect of suppressing cell division, and is used as an antitumor agent. It is also used as an insecticide and an anesthetic for animals. [Manabu Yamamoto] [Reference item] | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カルバミン酸エステルH2NCOORおよびそのN-置換体の総称の場合と、狭義にはカルバミン酸エチルをいう場合とがある。遊離のカルバミン酸H2NCOOHは実在しないが、そのエステルは安定な化合物として存在する。アルコールあるいはフェノールにクロロシアン、塩化カルバモイルあるいは尿素を反応させて得られる。白色の結晶体で、アルカリの作用でアルコール、二酸化炭素およびアンモニアに分解する。 カルバミン酸エチルはエチルウレタンともいう。白色の柱状結晶。エタノール(エチルアルコール)と尿素とを加熱するか、炭酸ジエチルあるいはクロロ炭酸エチルにアンモニアを作用させてつくる。水、アルコール、クロロホルムに易溶、エーテルに可溶。催眠作用があるが、習慣性が強いため、現在では催眠薬としては用いられていない。細胞分裂を抑制する作用があり、抗腫瘍剤(こうしゅようざい)として使用される。また殺虫剤、動物用麻酔剤としても用いられる。 [山本 学] [参照項目] | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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