Yangquan

A prefecture-level city in the eastern part of Shanxi Province, China. It has three city districts and two counties, Pingding and Yu, under its jurisdiction (as of 2016). Population 1,398,000 (2015). It was originally Pingding County, but after the Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan Line was opened, Yangquan Town, where a station was located, developed, and in 1947, the city was established with the town as its center. This area belongs to the Yehe River system, which is the upper reaches of the Haihe River. Geographically, it is located halfway between the Taiyuan Basin, the main part of Shanxi Province, which is separated by a watershed, and the Hebei Plain, which is connected through the Jingxing Gorge, where Niangziguan Pass is located. When there was unrest in the northwestern part of Hebei Province and the northeastern part of Shanxi Province, it became a "land of military warfare." The former Pingding County was established as Shangai County during the Han Dynasty, and was renamed Shiai County during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Guangyang County during the Tang Dynasty, and Pingding County during the Song Dynasty.

In addition to the Shita Line, the Shuohuang Line (Shenchi - Huanghua), Yangshe Line (Yangquan - She County), and Yangyu Line (Yangquan - Yu County) pass through the area. The surrounding area is rich in mineral resources such as coal, bauxite, sulfur, iron ore, and limestone. Heavy industries such as steel and machinery are developed in Yangquan, and there is a ceramics industry in Pingding.

[Motohide Akiyama, Editorial Department, October 19, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、山西(さんせい)省東部の地級市。3市轄区と、平定(へいてい)、盂(う)両県を管轄下に置く（2016年時点）。人口139万8000（2015）。元来平定県の地であったが、石家荘(せきかそう)と太原(たいげん)を結ぶ石太線が開通してから駅の置かれた陽泉鎮が発展し、1947年同鎮を中心に市が設けられた。この地域は海河(かいが)の上流である冶河(やが)の水系に属する。地勢的には、分水嶺(ぶんすいれい)を隔てる山西省の主要部太原盆地と、娘子関(じょうしかん)がある井陘(せいけい)の峡谷を経て通じる河北(かほく)平野との中間に位置し、河北省北西部から山西省北東部に動乱があるときには「兵家必争の地」になった。旧平定は漢代に上艾(じょうがい)県が置かれ、南北朝期に石艾県、唐代に広陽県、宋(そう)代に平定県と改められた。

　石太線のほかに朔黄(さくこう)線（神池(しんち)―黄驊(こうか)）や陽渉線（陽泉―渉(しょう)県）、陽盂線（陽泉―盂県）が通る。周辺では石炭、ボーキサイト、硫黄(いおう)、鉄鉱、石灰岩などの鉱物資源を豊富に産出する。陽泉に鉄鋼、機械などの重工業が発達するほか、平定には陶磁器工業がある。

［秋山元秀・編集部　2017年10月19日］

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