Java [island] - Java

Japanese: ジャワ[島] - ジャワ

The main island of Indonesia. Also known as Java. Part of the Greater Sunda Islands. Long and narrow from east to west, with numerous volcanoes standing side by side. The highest point is Mount Semeru (3,676m). The soil is fertile. It has a tropical monsoon climate, with a clear rainy season (November to March) and dry season (April to October), but the amount of rain is less in the eastern part of the island. The inhabitants are Javanese, who make up 70% of the total population, Sundanese in the west, and Madurese in the eastern part and on the affiliated island of Madura. There are also many Chinese and Arab residents. The population density is about 850 people ^per square kilometer, one of the highest in the world. 60% of the Indonesian population lives here. The entire island has been almost completely developed through traditional rice farming and the more modern plantations of rubber, tea, coffee, and other crops. It is the site where the fossils of Java Man (Pithecanthropus) were discovered, and it has been known as a fertile land since prehistoric times. Indians immigrated to the island around the time of Christ, and Hindu and Buddhist culture, which had strong Indian elements, flourished. Many temples, including Borobudur, were built. At the end of the 13th century, the Hindu kingdom of Majapahit was established in the east, ushering in the golden age of Hindu-Javanese culture. In the 15th century, Islam spread throughout the island, and Mataram Islam and other religions emerged. After the 17th century, the Dutch East India Company moved into the island, and it became the center of the Dutch East Indies. Cities include Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung. Together with Madura Island on the northeast coast, the island has an area of 127,569 ^km2 . Population: 136,610,590 (2010). In May 2006, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurred in central Java, killing approximately 6,000 people. In July of the same year, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurred off the southwest coast of Java, and more than 500 people were killed by a tsunami.
→ Related topics Sangiran Early Human Site | Sunda [Archipelago] | Southern Barbarians | Pacitan Culture | Malay [Archipelago] | Ryukyu Trade

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

インドネシアの主島。Javaとも。大スンダ列島に所属。東西に細長く，多数の火山が並び立つ。最高点スメル山（3676m）。土壌は肥沃。熱帯季節風気候に属し，雨季（11〜３月）と乾季（４〜10月）が明瞭であるが東部ほど雨量は少ない。住民は中部に全体の７割を占めるジャワ人，西部にスンダ人，東部および属島のマドゥラ島にマドゥラ人など。華人，アラブ人の居住者も多い。人口密度は1km²当り約850人で，世界有数。インドネシア人口の60％が居住する。伝統的米作と近代に発達したゴム，茶，コーヒー，その他のプランテーションとにより全島ほとんど開拓され尽くしている。ジャワ原人（ピテカントロプス）の化石発見地で，先史時代から豊かな地として知られる。紀元前後からインド人が移住，インド要素の強いヒンドゥー教，仏教文化が繁栄，ボロブドゥールをはじめ多くの寺院が造営された。13世紀末，東部にヒンドゥー王国マジャパイトが成立し，ヒンドゥー・ジャワ文化の黄金期を迎えた。15世紀ごろイスラムが全島に広がり，マタラム・イスラムなどが興る。17世紀以後オランダ東インド会社が進出し，オランダ領東インドの中心となった。ジャカルタ，スラバヤ，バンドンなどの都市がある。北東岸のマドゥラ島とあわせ，12万7569km²。１億3661万590人（2010）。2006年５月，ジャワ島中部でマグニチュード（Ｍ）6.3の地震が発生し，約6000人が犠牲となった。また同年７月にもジャワ島南西沖でＭ7.7の地震が起こり，津波により500人以上が死亡した。
→関連項目サンギラン初期人類遺跡｜スンダ［列島］｜南蛮人｜パチタン文化｜マレー［諸島］｜琉球貿易

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