It refers to an extremely itchy papule (bumps up to the size of a soybean) or nodule (bumps larger than the size of a soybean). Simple prurigo is known to occur as a hypersensitive reaction to insect bites. Examples include the extremely itchy papules seen in pediatric strophulus caused by arthropod bites, especially flea bites, and the intensely itchy hard papules and wart-like hard nodules seen in fixed urticaria caused by black fly bites. It is thought that the intense itching causes constant scratching, which irritates the skin and hardens the rash into a papule or nodule. Another skin disease that causes extreme itching and can cause prurigo is atopic dermatitis, which is seen in people with a genetic allergic constitution (atopic constitution), and the old diagnostic names Hebra prurigo and Besnier prurigo correspond to the prurigo seen in patients with atopic dermatitis. Patients with senile prurigo may also have papular prurigo due to scratching. There is also prurigo gestationis, which occurs during pregnancy. Chronic polymorphous prurigo is a rash that is often seen on the lower back and back of middle-aged to elderly patients, and is characterized by a variety of skin eruptions. There is also prurigo pigmentosa, which is accompanied by a unique net-like brown pigmentation. It also occurs in association with gout, kidney disorders (such as uremic prurigo), liver disorders (hepatic prurigo), malignant lymphoma and leukemia, diabetes (diabetic prurigo), thyroid hyperfunction, chronic gastrointestinal disorders, infectious diseases such as chronic suppurative inflammation, and visceral disorders such as ovarian dysfunction. It is important to search for the underlying disease. As for treatment, if there is an underlying disease, it should be cured, and if it is secondary to a disease causing severe itching, the general rule is to treat that disease. Ointments or tapes containing corticosteroids are used as localized treatment. In mild cases, ointments or jellies containing antihistamines can also be used. Treatments for the itching include administering an antihistamine alone, administering two drugs, an antihistamine and a corticosteroid, or administering two drugs, an antihistamine and a tranquilizer, but the condition is often difficult to treat. [Masakatsu Izaki and Seiichi Izaki] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
かゆみの激しい丘疹(きゅうしん)(大豆大までのぼつぼつ)あるいは結節(大豆大以上のぼつぼつ)をいう。単純な痒疹としては虫刺されに対する過敏反応として生ずるものが知られる。節足動物とくにノミに刺されておこる小児ストロフルスにみられるかゆみの強い丘疹、またブヨに刺されたあとに生ずる固定じんま疹にみられる激しいかゆみのある硬い丘疹、あるいは疣贅(ゆうぜい)(いぼ)のような硬い結節などが例としてあげられる。かゆみが激しいあまり、しきりにかきむしり、それが刺激になって皮疹が硬くなって丘疹状あるいは結節状となると考えられている。同じくかゆみの非常に強い皮膚病で痒疹がみられるのは、遺伝性アレルギー性体質(アトピー体質)を有する人にみられるアトピー性皮膚炎で、昔の診断名であるヘブラHebra痒疹およびベニエBesnier痒疹はアトピー性皮膚炎患者にみられる痒疹に該当する。老人性皮膚瘙痒(そうよう)症の患者にも掻破(そうは)のために痒疹が丘疹状にみられることがある。ほかに妊娠した場合に生ずる妊娠性痒疹もある。慢性多形痒疹とよばれるのは中年-老年期の患者の腰背部にしばしば認められる多彩な皮疹を示す発疹である。色素性痒疹とよばれる特異な網の目状の褐色の色素沈着を伴う痒疹もある。また、痛風、腎(じん)障害(尿毒症性痒疹など)、肝障害(肝性痒疹)、悪性リンパ腫(しゅ)および白血病、糖尿病(糖尿病性痒疹)、甲状腺(せん)機能亢進(こうしん)、慢性胃腸障害、慢性化膿(かのう)性炎症などの感染病巣、卵巣機能障害などの内臓関係の病変に関連して生ずる。原因となる疾患を検索することが重要となる。 治療については、原因の病気があるならば、それを治すことであり、かゆみの強い病気に続発したものであるならば、その病気に対する治療を行うのが原則である。局所療法として副腎(ふくじん)皮質ホルモン剤含有軟膏(なんこう)あるいはテープを用いる。軽症の場合は抗ヒスタミン剤含有軟膏あるいはゼリーを用いてもよい。かゆみに対する治療としては、抗ヒスタミン剤の単独投与、抗ヒスタミン剤と副腎皮質ホルモン剤の2剤投与、あるいは抗ヒスタミン剤と精神安定剤の2剤投与などを工夫して行うが、難治性のことも多い。 [伊崎正勝・伊崎誠一] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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