Yang Zhu

Japanese: 楊朱 - ようしゅ
Yang Zhu

Date of birth and death unknown. An ancient Chinese thinker. During the Warring States period (late 3rd century B.C.), he preached the idea of ​​self-centeredness (doing things for one's own sake) and is said to have been as influential as the Mohist school, but the details are unknown. According to Mencius's comment, he was a thorough egoist who refused to sacrifice even a hair of himself for the sake of the world, and there is a connection with the ideas of Zhuangzi, who emphasized personal and inner issues rather than world issues. The idea of ​​self-centeredness is related to the idea of ​​respecting life as a key point, and also to the liberation of sensory desires. The idea of ​​health care seen in the "Guisheng" chapter of the "Lüshi Chunqiu" (Lüshi Spring and Autumn Annals) has a strong tendency toward self-interest and self-righteousness, and Zihuazi's theory of the whole life seen there shows a tendency toward the liberation of desires, and is thought to be a continuation of Yang Zhu's later ideas. Additionally, the Liezi contains a chapter titled "Yang Zhu," which is famous for its extreme theory of pleasure, but this is probably just a later appropriation that borrowed the name.

[Osamu Kanaya December 14, 2015]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生没年不詳。中国古代の思想家。戦国時代(前3世紀後半)に為我(いが)説(我が為(ため)にする自己中心主義)を唱え、墨翟(ぼくてき)学派(墨家)と並んで大きな勢力をもったらしいが、その詳細は不明である。孟子(もうし)の評言によると、世界のためになるからといって毛筋1本でさえ自分を犠牲にすることは拒否するという、徹底した自己主義者で、世界の問題よりは、個人的、内面的な問題を重視する荘子(そうし)の思想などとの類縁がみられる。自己中心の思想は、その要点として生命尊重の思想と関係し、さらには感覚的欲望の解放とも関係する。『呂氏春秋(りょししゅんじゅう)』の「貴生編」などにみえる養生思想は、利己的独善的な傾向が強く、またそこにみえる子華子(しかし)の全生説は欲望解放に向かう傾向をみせていて、楊朱の後学の思想を伝えるものであろうとされている。また、『列子』のなかに「楊朱編」があり、極端な快楽説として有名であるが、おそらくその名を借りただけの後世の仮託であろう。

[金谷 治 2015年12月14日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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