A school of thought in Christian theology, especially in biblical studies. It does not assume that Christianity is a special revealed religion superior to other religions, but treats it as a religious phenomenon on an equal footing with others, and applies the general critical research method of comparative religious history to elucidate the formation of the religion of the Bible by relating it to the cultural, social, and historical conditions of the surrounding religions such as Assyria, Babylonia, Egypt, and the Eastern Mystery Religions. It was particularly popular in Germany from the end of the 19th century to World War I, producing such scholars as J. Weiss, E. Troeltsch, J. Gunkel, W. Urede, and W. Busset, and influencing the stylistic historical research of the Gospels by M. Dibelius and R. Bultmann. Although it has faced opposition from dogmatic scholars since the 1920s, its contributions to biblical studies have been enormous. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
キリスト教神学,特に聖書学に関する一学派。キリスト教がほかの宗教から卓越した特殊な啓示宗教であるとの前提に立たないで,これをほかと同列の一宗教現象として取扱い,一般の比較宗教史の批判的研究方法を適用して,聖書の宗教を周辺のアッシリア,バビロニア,エジプト,東方密儀宗教などの文化,社会,歴史などの条件と関連させながら,その成立を解明しようとした。 19世紀末から第1次世界大戦にかけて特にドイツで盛んであり,J.ワイス,E.トレルチ,J.グンケル,W.ウレーデ,W.ブセットらの学者を輩出し,M.ディベリウス,R.ブルトマンらの福音書の様式史的研究に影響を与えた。 1920年代以降教義学からの反対もあるが,その聖書学に対する貢献は甚大である。
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