A general term for a series of peace treaties that concluded the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14). The first was the Treaty of Utrecht in the Netherlands concluded between France, Spain, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Savoy on April 11, 1713. This was followed by the Treaty of Rastatt between France and the German Emperor (Austria) on March 6, 1714, the Treaty of Baden on September 7 of the same year, and the Agreement of the Barrier between the Netherlands and the Southern Netherlands on November 15, 1715, as well as a series of supplementary agreements. As a result, Spain's decline was decisive, with Philip V being restored to the throne, but the Netherlands, Northern Italy, Naples, and Sardinia being ceded to Austria, and Sicily to Savoy. France retained its pre-war territories, but Louis XIV's policy of dominating the continent was thwarted. Great Britain was in the greatest position, gaining Gibraltar and Minorca to establish a foothold for dominating the Mediterranean, expanding its North American colonies with the acquisition of Newfoundland and other islands, and gaining trade privileges with Spanish colonies, ushering in an era of British dominance. [Haruo Chiba] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スペイン継承戦争(1701~14)終結の際の一連の講和条約の総称。まず1713年4月11日、フランス、スペインとイギリス、オランダ、ポルトガル、サボイア間にオランダのユトレヒトUtrechtで条約が成立。ついで、14年3月6日、フランスとドイツ皇帝(オーストリア)間にラシュタット条約、さらに同年9月7日のバーデン条約、15年11月15日のオランダと南ネーデルラント間の障壁協定と一連の補足の協約が成立した。 この結果、スペインは、フェリペ5世の復位は認められたものの、ネーデルラント、北イタリア、ナポリ、サルデーニャはオーストリアへ、シチリアはサボイアへ譲渡され、決定的に没落した。フランスは、戦前の領地を保持したが、ルイ14世の大陸制圧政策は挫折(ざせつ)した。もっとも有利なのはイギリスで、ジブラルタル、ミノルカ島を得て地中海制圧の足場をつくり、ニューファンドランドほかを得て北アメリカ植民地を拡大し、またスペイン植民地に対する貿易特権を得て、イギリス優位の時代を開いた。 [千葉治男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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