Battle of Jutland

Japanese: ユトランド沖海戦 - ゆとらんどおきかいせん
Battle of Jutland

A naval battle between Germany and Britain that took place off the coast of Jutland, Denmark, from late May to early June 1916 during World War I. Germany had declared unrestricted submarine warfare intermittently, but after the Sussex incident in March 1916, it temporarily suspended the operation due to fears of worsening relations between the United States and Germany. After the suspension, Germany decided to dispatch a naval fleet out of the need to demonstrate its strength both at home and abroad. On May 31 of the same year, the large fleet commanded by Admirals Scheer and Hipper departed from Kiel and encountered a British fleet commanded by Admirals Beatty and Jellicoe as it rounded the Jutland Peninsula, resulting in a fierce naval battle involving a total of 250 warships on both sides. The battle continued until June 5, with the British losing three battlecruisers, three armored cruisers, and eight destroyers, while the Germans lost one battleship, one battlecruiser, four light cruisers, and five destroyers. This was the first time that a naval power like Britain had suffered such heavy losses since the Battle of Trafalgar, and it came as a great shock to the public; however, the German Navy was also dealt such a blow by this battle that it lost the ability to form and deploy large fleets, and submarine warfare once again became its main focus.

[Shunichi Fujimura]

[Reference item] | Sussex Incident

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

第一次世界大戦中の1916年5月末から6月初めにかけて、デンマークのユトランド半島沖で行われたドイツとイギリスとの海戦。ドイツは無制限潜水艦戦を断続的に宣言したが、16年3月のサセックス号事件ののち、米独関係の悪化を恐れて、一時この作戦を中止した。中止後、内外への示威の必要から、ドイツは海洋艦隊を出撃させることを決め、キール軍港を出港したシェール、ヒッパー両提督指揮の大艦隊は、同年5月31日、ユトランド半島を回ったところで、ビーティー、ジェリコー両提督の率いるイギリス艦隊と遭遇、双方あわせて250隻の軍艦が入り乱れる激しい海戦となった。この海戦は6月5日まで続いたが、イギリス側は巡洋戦艦3、装甲巡洋艦3、駆逐艦8を失い、ドイツ側も戦艦1、巡洋戦艦1、軽巡洋艦4、駆逐艦5を失った。海軍国イギリスがこのような大損害を出したのは、トラファルガーの海戦以来のことで、国民に大きな衝撃を与えたが、他方、ドイツ海軍もこの海戦による打撃で、大艦隊を組んで出撃する力を失い、ふたたび潜水艦戦が中心となった。

[藤村瞬一]

[参照項目] | サセックス号事件

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